| 滇中高原水库外源污染负荷贡献解析与环境容量核算 |
| 摘要点击 2529 全文点击 956 投稿时间：2021-08-12 修订日期：2022-06-08 |
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| 中文关键词 高原水库 水质 污染负荷 贡献解析 环境容量 |
| 英文关键词 plateau reservoir water quality pollution load contribution analysis environmental capacity |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探究高原型水库上游流域的污染负荷来源及其贡献率，并计算水库的水环境容量，以云南高原柴石滩水库为研究对象，应用排污系数法估算了水库上游流域污染来源，运用水文和水质同步监测资料计算入库污染负荷，采用富营养化模型核算了不同水质目标情景下水库TN和TP的最大容量.结果表明：①柴石滩水库及其以上流域主要特征污染物为TN和TP；②水库上游流域的COD和TP主要来源于农村面源污染，贡献率分别为49.40%和50.11%；NH4+-N和TN主要来源于城镇生活污染，贡献率分别为45.76%和33.77%；农村面源污染贡献中，陆良县COD和TP贡献率最大，分别为34.82%和36.82%；城镇生活污染贡献中，麒麟区COD、NH4+-N、TN和TP贡献率最大，均高达65%.③COD、NH4+-N、TN和TP污染负荷入河量分别为28050.90、2465.16、4680.54和870.93 t ·a-1，TN和TP污染负荷入库量分别为4637.80 t ·a-1和125.04 t ·a-1.④水质控制目标为Ⅲ类时，TN和TP的环境容量分别为1102.62 t ·a-1和54.85 t ·a-1.农村面源污染和城镇生活污染源是柴石滩水库上游流域的主要污染源，属于优先控制源，研究结果可为高原型水库流域的污染源治理提供科学的理论依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To explore the source of the pollution load and its contribution rate in the upper reaches of the plateau reservoir and to analyze the water environment capacity of the reservoir, we selected the Chaishitan Reservoir in the Yunnan Plateau as the research object, applied the pollutant discharge coefficient method to estimate the source of external pollution in the upstream basin of the reservoir, used the simultaneous monitoring data of hydrology and water quality to calculate pollution load into the reservoir, and used the eutrophication model to calculate the maximum capacity of TN and TP in the reservoir under different water quality target scenarios. The results showed that:① the main characteristic pollutants in Chaishitan Reservoir and the above basin were TN and TP. ② COD and TP in the upper reaches of the reservoir mainly came from rural non-point source pollution, with contribution rates of 49.40% and 50.11%, respectively; NH4+-N and TN mainly came from urban domestic pollution sources, with contribution rates of 45.76% and 33.77%, respectively. Among the contributions of rural non-point source pollution, the contribution rates of COD and TP in Luliang District were 34.82% and 36.82%, respectively. The contributions of COD, NH4+-N, TN, and TP to urban domestic pollution were the highest in Qilin District, all of which were up to 65%. ③ The inflows of COD, NH4+-N, TN, and TP were 28050.90, 2465.16, 4680.54, and 870.93 t·a-1, respectively. The inflow of TN and TP pollution load was 4637.80 t·a-1 and 125.04 t·a-1, respectively. ④ When the target of water quality was Class Ⅲ, and the requirements of the Water Function Zoning of Yunnan province were met, the environmental capacities of TN and TP were 1102.62 t·a-1 and 54.85 t·a-1, respectively. Rural non-point source pollution and urban domestic pollution sources were the main sources of pollution in the upper reaches of Chaishitan Reservoir, which were priority control sources. These research results can provide a scientific theoretical basis for pollution source treatment in the plateau reservoir basin. |
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