| 长期施肥对农牧交错带旱地土壤微生物多样性及群落结构的影响 |
| 摘要点击 2947 全文点击 932 投稿时间：2022-03-16 修订日期：2022-05-23 |
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| 中文关键词 长期施肥 农牧交错带 土壤化学性质 微生物群落 偏最小二乘路径模型(PLS-PM) |
| 英文关键词 long-term fertilization agro-pastoral ecotone soil chemical properties microbial communities partial least squares path models(PLS-PM) |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 高日平 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院, 呼和浩特 010031
内蒙古旱作农业重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010031
农业农村部武川农业环境科学观测试验站, 呼和浩特 011705
农业农村部内蒙古耕地保育科学观测试验站, 呼和浩特 011705 | 1101702390@qq.com | | 段玉 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院, 呼和浩特 010031
内蒙古旱作农业重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010031
农业农村部武川农业环境科学观测试验站, 呼和浩特 011705
农业农村部内蒙古耕地保育科学观测试验站, 呼和浩特 011705 | | | 张君 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院, 呼和浩特 010031
内蒙古旱作农业重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010031
农业农村部武川农业环境科学观测试验站, 呼和浩特 011705
农业农村部内蒙古耕地保育科学观测试验站, 呼和浩特 011705 | | | 任永峰 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院, 呼和浩特 010031
内蒙古旱作农业重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010031
农业农村部武川农业环境科学观测试验站, 呼和浩特 011705
农业农村部内蒙古耕地保育科学观测试验站, 呼和浩特 011705 | | | 梁俊梅 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院, 呼和浩特 010031
内蒙古旱作农业重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010031
农业农村部武川农业环境科学观测试验站, 呼和浩特 011705
农业农村部内蒙古耕地保育科学观测试验站, 呼和浩特 011705 | | | 景宇鹏 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院, 呼和浩特 010031
内蒙古旱作农业重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010031
农业农村部武川农业环境科学观测试验站, 呼和浩特 011705
农业农村部内蒙古耕地保育科学观测试验站, 呼和浩特 011705 | jyp236@163.com | | 赵沛义 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院, 呼和浩特 010031
内蒙古旱作农业重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010031
农业农村部武川农业环境科学观测试验站, 呼和浩特 011705
农业农村部内蒙古耕地保育科学观测试验站, 呼和浩特 011705 | zhpy1972@163.com |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探讨长期不同施肥模式对农牧交错带旱地土壤微生物多样性和群落结构的影响，以农业农村部内蒙古耕地保育科学观测试验站的长期定位施肥试验为研究对象，选取不施肥（CK）、单施氮肥（NF）、单施化肥（CF）和有机肥+化肥配施（CFM）这4个处理，于试验开展16 a后（2019年）的马铃薯成熟期分取各处理0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层土壤，利用高通量测序技术对土壤细菌和真菌群落进行测定，以期从微生物学的角度探究农田不同施肥措施对土壤质量的影响，并通过偏最小二乘路径模型（PLS-PM）揭示了施肥模式转变中旱地土壤微生物群落演替和作物产量提升的关键环境驱动因子.结果表明：①CF和CFM处理均改善了土壤肥力，但后者效果明显优于前者，CFM处理土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾分别提高131.9%~174.7%、216.9%~283.3%和103.3%~109.3%，有机质和全氮也显著增加；CF处理仍保持了较高的土壤pH，而NF处理土壤pH显著降低，对土壤肥力的提升效果微弱.②与CK相比，NF处理显著降低了土壤细菌的Chao1和Shannon指数，CFM处理显著增加了细菌的物种丰富度、Chao1指数和土壤真菌的Shannon指数，而CF处理土壤细菌和真菌的多样性与CK处理间未达到显著差异水平.③ 0~10 cm和10~20 cm土壤微生物的群落组成相似，CFM处理提高了土壤有益菌群的相对丰度，降低了病原菌群的相对丰度，变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）等优势菌门的相对丰度增加，放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）的相对丰度降低，NF和CF处理则与之相反.④ PLS-PM分析表明，随着施肥模式由CK→NF→CF→CFM的转变，影响微生物群落演替和产量提升的主要驱动因子也由土壤pH→土壤NPK含量→土壤pH、SOM和NPK含量的环境多因子调控转变.总体而言，长期施肥对农牧交错带旱地土壤化学性质和微生物群落有显著影响，作为最优施肥选择，CFM在提高土壤肥力和抑制病原微生物生长方面明显优于NF和CF处理.长期不施肥和不均衡施肥土壤中病原菌数量明显提高，作物侵染土传病害的风险增加.研究结果可为北方农牧交错带农田养分平衡管理和农业生态系统土壤微环境改善提供科学参考. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To explore the effects of different long-term fertilization treatments on soil microbial diversity and community structure in the drylands of an agro-pastoral ecotone, a long-term fertilization experiment at the Inner Mongolia cultivated land conservation science observation and experiment station, Ministry of Agriculture, and rural areas was taken as the research object. Four treatments, including no fertilizer (CK), single nitrogen fertilizer (NF), single chemical fertilizer (CF), and the combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer (CFM), were selected for the collection of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil at potato maturity 16 years after the experiment (2019). High-throughput sequencing technology was used to assess the soil bacterial and fungal communities to explore the effects of different fertilization measures on soil quality from the perspective of microorganisms, and the partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) was used to reveal the key environmental driving factors of soil microbial community alternation and crop yield improvement in dryland during fertilization mode transformation. The results showed that:① the CF and CFM treatments significantly improved soil fertility, but the effect of the latter was significantly better than that of the former. Soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the CFM treatment increased by 131.9%-174.7%, 216.9%-283.3%, and 103.3%-109.3%, respectively, and organic matter and total nitrogen content also increased significantly. The CF treatment still maintained a high soil pH, whereas the NF treatment significantly decreased soil pH and had little effect in improving soil fertility. ② Compared with that under CK, the NF treatment significantly reduced the soil bacterial Chao1 and Shannon index, and the CFM treatment significantly increased the soil bacterial species richness, Chao1 index, and soil fungal Shannon index, whereas soil bacterial and fungal diversity in the CF treatment did not reach a significant difference level with CK. ③ The soil microbial community composition at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm was similar. The CFM treatment increased the relative abundance of soil beneficial bacteria and decreased the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria. The relative abundance of dominant bacteria such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Gemmatimonadetes increased. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota were decreased, whereas the NF and CF treatments showed the opposite trend. ④ PLS-PM analysis showed that with the gradual change in fertilization mode from CK→NF→CF→CFM, the driving factors affecting microbial community succession and yield increase were also changed from soil pH→soil NPK content→soil pH, SOM, and NPK content. In general, long-term fertilization had significant effects on soil chemical properties and microbial communities in drylands in the agro-pastoral ecotone. As the optimal fertilization choice, CFM was significantly better than NF and CF in improving soil fertility and inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The number of pathogens in long-term non-fertilization and unbalanced fertilization soil was significantly increased, and the risk of crop infection to indigenous diseases was increased. The research results can provide scientific reference for farmland nutrient balance management and soil microenvironment improvement of the agricultural ecosystem in the agro-pastoral ecotone in North China. |
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