| 2019~2022年成都市春节期间烟花爆竹燃放对空气质量影响分析 |
| 摘要点击 3121 全文点击 2678 投稿时间：2022-02-25 修订日期：2022-05-06 |
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| 中文关键词 烟花爆竹 春节期间 成都 组分特征 空气质量 |
| 英文关键词 fireworks Spring Festival Chengdu component characteristics air quality |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 基于空气质量和PM2.5组分站观测数据，分析成都市2019~2022年春节期间烟花爆竹燃放对污染物浓度、PM2.5组分和二次转化的影响.结果表明，烟花爆竹燃放对SO2、PM2.5和PM10浓度影响显著，2019~2022年集中燃放期内小时浓度平均值分别增加6.7、105.0和117.4μg ·m-3，升幅分别为135%、236%和203%，集中燃放对其浓度的贡献率分别为10.0%~34.0%、28.1%~31.3%和27.8%~34.6%.烟花爆竹燃放对空气质量影响时间呈小幅下降趋势，由2019年的42h下降至2022年的38 h，但对PM2.5浓度影响呈波动变化，2022年与2019年相当.烟花爆竹燃放主要组分为K、Cl、Al、K+和Cl-等，集中燃放期内这些组分浓度较高且增长较快，在PM2.5中的占比为5%~18%，增幅为87%~1511%，对NH4+、V、Cd和Co等元素影响不大，变化幅度在±20%以内；与春节前重污染和优良天气相比，K、Cl、Al、K+和Cl-浓度和占比均有明显上升，浓度是春节前重污染和优良天气的4.9~31.7倍和7.4~68.2倍，占比均增加4%~8%.二次源、烟花爆竹和生物质燃烧、燃煤和工业是2019~2022年春节期间PM2.5主要来源，烟花爆竹和生物质燃烧贡献率为13%~25%，2019年和2022年贡献率较高.从气象条件对烟花爆竹燃放影响来看，高湿、低风速和低温会加剧烟花爆竹燃放对空气质量的影响，反之亦然.风速主要影响Al、K+、Cl-和SO42-等组分，相对湿度主要影响NO3-和NH4+等二次组分. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Based on the observation data of air quality and PM2.5 components, the influence of fireworks on pollutant concentrations, PM2.5 components, and secondary transformation during the Spring Festival period from 2019 to 2022 in Chengdu were analyzed. The results indicated that the fireworks had a greater impact on the concentration of SO2, PM2.5, and PM10 than the other pollutants. During the centralized discharge of fireworks from 2019 to 2022, the average hourly concentrations of SO2, PM2.5, and PM10 increased by 6.7, 105.0, and 117.4 μg·m-3, with an increase of 135%, 236%, and 203%, respectively. During the centralized discharge period of fireworks, the contributions of fireworks to the SO2, PM2.5, and PM10 concentration were 10.0%-34.0%, 28.1%-31.3%, and 27.8%-34.6%, respectively. The impact time of fireworks on air quality decreased slightly, from 42 h in 2019 to 38 h in 2022; however, the impact on PM2.5 concentration fluctuated, and the impact in 2022 was similar to that in 2019. The main components of fireworks were K, Cl, Al, K+, and Cl-; the concentrations of these components were high and increased rapidly during the concentrated discharge, accounting for 5%-18% of PM2.5, with an increase rate of 87%-1511%. The discharge of fireworks had little effect on NH4+, V, Cd, and Co, and the variation range was within±20%. Throughout the pollution period during the Spring Festival, the mass concentrations of the main components of fireworks were 4.9-31.7 times and 7.4-68.2 times that of the heavy pollution and good weather before the Spring Festival, and their proportions increased by 4%-8%. Secondary sources; fireworks; and biomass burning, coal burning, and industry were the main sources of PM2.5 during the 2019-2022 Spring Festival. The contribution rate of fireworks and biomass combustion was 13%-25%, with higher contribution rates in 2019 and 2022. From the perspective of the impact of meteorological conditions on fireworks discharge, high humidity, low wind speed, and low temperature will intensify the impact of firework discharge on air quality and vice versa. Wind speed mainly affected Al, K+, Cl-, and SO42-, whereas relative humidity mainly affected secondary components such as NO3- and NH4+. |
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