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不同植被绿色屋顶径流水质年际变化特征
摘要点击 1449  全文点击 466  投稿时间:2021-08-31  修订日期:2021-10-22
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中文关键词  绿色屋顶  径流水质  年际变化  植被  营养盐  重金属
英文关键词  green roofs  runoff quality  inter-annual changes  vegetation  nutrients  heavy metals
作者单位E-mail
章孙逊 北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083 zhangsx2018@bjfu.edu.cn 
张守红 北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083
北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心, 北京 100083 
zhangs@bjfu.edu.cn 
葛德 北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083  
闫婧 北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083  
杨航 北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083  
王任重远 北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083  
魏良怡 北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083  
张成玉 北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083  
中文摘要
      绿色屋顶是海绵城市建设的重要措施之一,近年来逐渐得到广泛关注.为探究植被和使用时长对绿色屋顶径流水质的影响,于北京市区搭建了3种不同植被类型[佛甲草(Sedum lineare)、大花马齿苋(Portulaca grandiflora)和无植被(对照)]的绿色屋顶.根据2017~2019年植物生长情况、雨季雨水和绿色屋顶径流水质的长期监测,定量分析不同植被绿色屋顶径流水质的年际变化特征.结果表明,相较雨水,3种绿色屋顶在监测期内均是NH4+-N的汇,浓度平均削减率在50.1%~79.2%之间,但均是PO43--P、DCr、DCu和DNi的源;佛甲草和大花马齿苋绿色屋顶在2017年是NO3--N的汇,浓度平均削减率分别为71.4%和99.5%,在2018和2019年是NO3--N的源,而对照绿色屋顶在监测期均为NO3--N的源;绿色屋顶的植被类型和使用时长显著影响其径流中NO3--N、PO43--P、DNi和DCu的浓度(P<0.05),但对NH4+-N和DCr的浓度影响均不显著(P>0.05);2017~2019年,佛甲草和对照绿色屋顶径流中NO3--N以及大花马齿苋绿色屋顶径流中PO43--P浓度的平均值均逐年增加,各绿色屋顶径流中DNi和DCu的浓度均在2018年增加并在2019年回落;3种绿色屋顶中,大花马齿苋绿色屋顶对NO3--N的控制效果最好,但可能会增加径流中PO43--P、DNi和DCu的浓度.
英文摘要
      As an important measure of the sponge city, green roofs have received extensive attention in recent years. To investigate the inter-annual changes in runoff quality of green roofs with different vegetation types, three green roofs with different vegetation cover (Sedum lineare, Portulaca grandiflora, and a non-vegetated control) were set up in Beijing. The influences of vegetation and monitoring period on runoff quality from the green roofs were evaluated using the plant growth characteristics and the quality of rainwater and runoff from the green roofs during the rainy season of 2017-2019. The results showed that all three green roofs were the sinks of NH4+-N, and the average mass concentration reduction rates were between 50.1% and 79.2%. However, all three green roofs were sources of PO43--P, DCr, DCu, and DNi. The green roofs covered with S. lineare and P. grandiflora were sinks of NO3--N in 2017, and the average mass concentration reduction rates were 71.4% and 99.5%, respectively, but they became sources of NO3--N in both 2018 and 2019. However, the non-vegetated control was the source of NO3--N in all three rainy seasons. Both vegetation type and length of monitoring period had significant effects on the mass concentrations of NO3--N, PO43--P, DNi, and DCu in runoff from the green roofs (P<0.05) but had no significant effects on the mass concentrations of NH4+-N and DCr in runoff from the green roofs (P>0.05). In 2017-2019, the mass concentrations of NO3--N in runoff from the non-vegetated control and the green roofs covered by S. lineare and the mass concentration of PO43--P in runoff from the green roof covered by P. grandiflora increased yearly. The mass concentrations of DNi and DCu in runoff from all three green roofs increased in 2018 but dropped in 2019. Among the green roofs with different vegetation types, the green roof covered by P. grandiflora showed better NO3--N retention capacity than that of the other green roofs but may have increased the concentrations of PO43--P, DNi, and DCu in the runoff.

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