| 太湖不同介质中磷的污染特征及其治理启示 |
| 摘要点击 2960 全文点击 949 投稿时间：2021-08-24 修订日期：2021-10-11 |
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| 中文关键词 太湖 总磷(TP) 表层水 上覆水 间隙水 沉积物 |
| 英文关键词 Taihu Lake total phosphorus surface water overlying water interstitial water sediments |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 磷是现阶段制约太湖水环境持续改善的关键指标，也是太湖蓝藻暴发的重要诱因之一.为揭示太湖不同介质中磷元素的特征及其之间的迁移转化关系，对太湖全湖表层水、上覆水、间隙水和沉积物中TP浓度进行了调查分析.结果表明，太湖表层水和上覆水ρ（TP）处于地表水Ⅰ~Ⅳ之间，平均值分别为0.09 mg ·L-1和0.085 mg ·L-1，间隙水ρ（TP）是上覆水的4~8倍，平均值为0.558 mg ·L-1.太湖沉积物中TP负荷主要集中在表层0~30 cm，ω（TP）范围在413~1531 mg ·kg-1，深层（30~100 cm）沉积物的TP含量总体较为稳定.太湖沉积物-水界面的磷元素交换总体比较活跃，不同介质中TP污染的空间分布一致性较强，总体表现为西北部高于东南部，西北部湖区中，竺山湖不同介质中TP含量均达到严重污染的程度，梅梁湖和西部沿岸区因间隙水与上覆水TP浓度梯度差较大，内源释放风险较高.TP含量在沉积物中总体表现为随深度增加而降低的趋势；近现代人类活动的影响主要聚集在表层0~30 cm沉积物，该泥层是底泥生态清淤需要重点考虑的泥层. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Phosphorus is a key indicator restricting the continuous improvement of the Taihu Lake water environment at this stage, and it is also one of the important inducing factors for the outbreak of cyanobacteria in Taihu Lake. In order to reveal the characteristics of phosphorus in different media in Taihu Lake and their migration and transformation relationships, the concentration of TP in the surface water, overlying water, interstitial water, and sediments of the lake was analyzed. The results showed that:the ρ(TP) of the surface water and overlying water of Taihu Lake was between the surface water environmental quality standards I-Ⅳ, with the average values being 0.09 mg·L-1 and 0.085 mg·L-1, respectively. The ρ(TP) of the interstitial water was 0.558 mg·L-1, 4-8 times that of the overlying water. The TP load in the sediments of Taihu Lake was mainly concentrated in the surface layer of 0-30 cm, and the ω(TP) ranged from 413 to 1531 mg·kg-1. The TP concentration of the deep layer of 30-100 cm sediments was generally stable. The exchange of phosphorus at the sediment-water interface of Taihu Lake was generally active, and the spatial consistency of TP pollution in different media was strong. The overall performance revealed a trend that the northwest was higher than the southeast. In the northwest lake area, the TP concentration in different media in Zhushan Lake had reached the level of serious pollution. The TP concentration gradient between the interstitial water and the overlying water in Meiliang Lake and the western coastal area was relatively large, and the risk of internal source release was relatively high. The overall vertical trend of sediments decreased with increasing depth. The influence of modern human activities was mainly concentrated on the surface layer of 0-30 cm sediments. This mud layer is the mud layer that needs to be considered for ecological dredging of sediments. |
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