| 黄河干流水质评价与时空变化分析 |
| 摘要点击 4179 全文点击 1321 投稿时间：2021-06-15 修订日期：2021-08-17 |
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| 中文关键词 水质评价 综合水质标识指数 时空变化 层次聚类分析 主成分分析 黄河流域 |
| 英文关键词 water quality assessment comprehensive water quality identification index spatio-temporal variation hierarchical clustering analysis principal component analysis Yellow River basin |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 在黄河流域生态保护的实施中，分析流域的水质污染状况以及时空变化规律，成为保证流域水安全的首要任务.为了全面了解黄河流域近年来的水环境状况，基于流域8个监测断面2004~2018年的水质数据，使用Mann-Kendall（M-K）趋势检验、层次聚类分析和主成分分析等多元数据分析方法，结合改进的综合水质标识指数（WQI），探究了黄河流域水质的时空变化特征.结果表明，在时间变化方面，依据水质进行的时间聚类分析显示黄河流域水质可分为丰水期、平水期和枯水期，与水文时期基本对应.结合M-K趋势检验和WQI水质评价发现，黄河流域水质逐年改善，以2010年为关键时间节点.汛期水质优于非汛期，汛期和非汛期主要污染指标均为NH4+-N和高锰酸盐指数.在空间变化方面，各研究断面水质均为显著改善的趋势.空间聚类显示S6断面（山西运城河津大桥）明显异于其它断面，经过对比发现S6断面常年污染严重.S7断面（河南济源小浪底水库）在汛期和非汛期呈现不同特点.各断面普遍存在的主要污染指标为NH4+-N，其中S6断面NH4+-N、高锰酸盐指数和DO污染均较为严重.NH4+-N和高锰酸盐指数在不同水文时期呈现不同特点，这与前者主要来源于生活和工业源，后者主要来源于农业源有关.改进的WQI评价方法克服了单因子水质评价的缺点，研究结果可为黄河流域的水污染防治及水质综合管理提供科学依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| During the implementation of ecological protection in the Yellow River basin, understanding the water pollution status and spatio-temporal variation of water quality has become the most important thing for water safety in the basin. To analyze the water quality in recent years, the water quality data in the Yellow River basin from 2004 to 2018 were firstly collected from eight typical monitoring stations. Using a combination of multivariate data analysis methods including the Mann-Kendall (M-K) trend test, hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and modified comprehensive water quality identification index (WQI), the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of the water quality were then explored in the Yellow River basin. The results indicated that in terms of time variation, the HCA from the water quality time series showed that the water quality of the Yellow River basin could be divided into the wet season, normal season, and dry season, being basically consistent with the hydrological period. Combined with the M-K trend test and WQI-based water quality assessment, the water quality of the Yellow River basin was improving gradually, with 2010 as the critical year. The water quality in the wet season was superior to that in the dry season. The pollution indicator NH4+-N and permanganate index were dominant in both the wet season and dry season. According to the spatial variation analysis, the water quality for all the studied stations improved significantly. Spatial clustering showed that the S6 (Shanxi Yuncheng Hejin Bridge) was obviously different from others, and further comparative study demonstrated that S6 was constantly seriously polluted. The S7 (Henan Jiyuan Xiaolangdi) exhibited different characteristics in the wet and dry season. In all stations, NH4+-N was considered to be the most common pollution indicator, whereas the permanganate index and DO were also relatively serious for S6. In different hydrological seasons, NH4+-N and the permanganate index showed different characteristics, and their variety was related to the fact that the former mainly came from domestic and industrial sources, whereas the latter was mainly derived from agricultural sources. The modified WQI showed obvious advantages over single-factor water quality assessment, and the findings from this study can provide scientific evidence for water pollution control and comprehensive water quality management in the Yellow River basin. |
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