| 矿业废弃地不同生态修复模式下植物多样性及重金属富集迁移特征 |
| 摘要点击 3565 全文点击 1107 投稿时间：2021-05-30 修订日期：2021-07-05 |
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| 中文关键词 矿业废弃地 生态修复试验 植物多样性 重金属 富集迁移 |
| 英文关键词 mining wasteland ecological restoration experiment plant diversity heavy metals enrichment of migration |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为了筛选出适合矿业废弃地复垦生态修复的植物材料，通过在排土场布设生态修复试验，开展不同生态修复模式对植物多样性及重金属富集迁移特征影响的研究.结果表明，不同生态修复模式下共出现存活植物8科10种，多为草本植物，乔灌草小区修复效果最佳，植物覆盖度达到100%，存活率超过69%，植物群落多样性指数表现为：乔灌草 > 灌草 > 乔草 > 草，湿地松、大叶女贞、苎麻、紫薇和车前草为不同生态修复模式下的优势植物，植物体内大部分重金属含量高于正常值，其中，湿地松和紫薇叶茎部的富集转移系数接近或超过1，对Cd表现出较强的富集和转移能力，属于Cd富集型植物，大叶女贞和车前草根部具有较高的重金属滞留率，属于根部囤积型植物，苎麻各部分重金属含量不高，是重金属规避型植物，具备潜在土壤重金属污染固定修复能力.综合考虑植物多样性、植物富集迁移能力等，乔灌草结合为最佳修复模式，湿地松、紫薇和车前草可作为矿业废弃地复垦生态修复的目标植物. |
| 英文摘要 |
| In order to select plant materials suitable for the ecological restoration of abandoned mining land, ecological restoration experiments were set up in landfills. The effects of different ecological restoration measures on plant diversity and heavy metal enrichment and migration characteristics were studied. The results showed that under different ecological restoration measures, a total of eight families and 10 species of surviving plants appeared, most of which were herbs. The restoration effect of the arbor shrub and grass plots was the best; the plant coverage reached 100%, and the survival rate was over 69%. The diversity index of the plant community was as follows:arbor shrub grass > shrub grass > joe grass > grass. The dominant plants under different ecological restoration measures were Pinus elliottii, Ligustrum lucidum, Boehmeria nivea, Lagerstroemia indica, and Plantago asiatica. The contents of most heavy metals in plants were higher than the normal values. Among them, the enrichment and transfer coefficients of the leaf stems of P. elliottii and L. indica were close to or greater than 1, showing a strong ability of enrichment and transfer to Cd; these two plants belong to Cd-enrichment type plants. The roots of L. lucidum Ait and P. asiatica, which are root-hoarding plants, had a high retention rate of heavy metals. Boehmeria nivea was a heavy metal-avoidance plant with a low content of heavy metals in each part and had the ability to fix and repair potential soil heavy metal pollution. Considering the diversity of plants and the ability of plant enrichment and migration, the combination of trees, shrubs, and grasses was the best restoration mode. Pinus elliottii, L. indica, and P. asiatica can be the target plants for ecological restoration in the abandoned land of mining areas. |
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