| 农药企业场地土壤中苯系物污染风险及管理对策 |
| 摘要点击 3398 全文点击 1704 投稿时间：2013-10-14 修订日期：2013-11-29 |
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| 中文关键词 污染场地 苯系物 土壤 健康风险评价 管理对策 |
| 英文关键词 pesticide factory BTEX soils health risk assessment countermeasures |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 苯系物主要包括苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯和苯乙烯等，是一类重要的环境污染物，可以通过呼吸道、消化道和皮肤等进入人体，对人体产生健康危害. 采用吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱联用对河北省3个代表性农药企业场地内外土壤的苯系物进行分析，研究了土壤中苯系物的污染特征与健康风险. 结果表明，A、B、C这3个企业场地土壤中的苯系物，除苯和苯乙烯外，甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯均有检出. 苯系物总含量分别在673.50~32363.50 ng·g-1、nd~6461.80 ng·g-1、461.70~8740.80 ng·g-1之间. 检出的甲苯和乙苯含量（4619.50~7234.30 ng·g-1和364.60~7944.60 ng·g-1）超过加拿大工业用地指导值（370 ng·g-1和82 ng·g-1），场地A生产区灰尘中二甲苯含量甚至超过荷兰土壤干预值（17000 ng·g-1）. 对于场地外，区域Ⅰ（A周边）和区域Ⅱ（B、C周边）土壤苯系物浓度分别在nd~645.81 ng·g-1和 nd~309.13 ng·g-1之间，均低于加拿大农业用地指导值. A、B、C场地内土壤中苯系物非致癌风险分别在2.90E-06~1.32E-04、nd~4.30E-05、1.29E-06~5.64E-05之间，远小于1，说明各场地土壤苯系物不存在明显的非致癌风险. 场地外区域Ⅰ和Ⅱ苯系物的总非致癌风险分别在nd~2.02E-06和nd~1.10E-06之间，远低于1，同时也低于对应场地内非致癌风险的平均值. 苯系物非致癌风险较高的区域主要集中在场地的下风向，此外，村庄和城镇周边土壤苯系物的非致癌风险略高于其他区域. 整体来看，各场地内土壤和灰尘已受到不同程度的污染，场地外的农业用地环境质量也有所下降. 据此，提出了企业环境管理和职工安全防护的具体对策建议. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Soil samples around three representative pesticide factories were collected in Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, and analyzed to identify their pollution characteristics and health risk of BTEX by purge-and trap and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy method. Total concentrations of BTEX in soils in Plant A, B and C ranged from 673.50 to 32363.50 ng·g-1, nd to 6461.80 ng·g-1 and 461.70 to 8740.80 ng·g-1, respectively. Concentrations of detected toluene (4619.50-7234.30 ng·g-1) and ethylbenzene (364.60-7944.60 ng·g-1) had exceeded the Canadian guidelines for industrial land (370 ng·g-1 and 82 ng·g-1), and concentration of xylene (19799.40 ng·g-1) in dust in production area of Plant A was larger than the Dutch soil intervention value (17000 ng·g-1). While concentrationsn of BTEX around Plant A (Region Ⅰ) and Plant B and C (Region Ⅱ) ranged from nd to 645.81 ng·g-1, and nd to 309.13 ng·g-1, respectively, which were below the Canadian guidelines for agricultural land. The non-carcinogenic risk of BTEX in Plant A (2.90E-06 -1.32E-04), B (nd -4.30E-05) and C (1.29E-06 -5.64E-05) were all below 1, which suggested that no obvious health risk existed in each plant. The non-carcinogenic risks in RegionⅠ (nd -2.02E-06) and RegionⅡ (nd -1.10E-06) were below than 1, and also lower than those in factories. High risk areas were mainly concentrated in the downwind, moreover, soils around villages and towns were also with higher risk. In conclusion, soils and dusts in each factory had been polluted and the quality of agricultural land had been partly deteriorated. Finally, environmental management and occupational protection countermeasures were proposed based on the research results. |
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