| 高产粮区不同施肥模式下玉米季农田氮素损失途径分析 |
| 摘要点击 5563 全文点击 3476 投稿时间：2010-10-01 修订日期：2011-01-06 |
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| 中文关键词 夏玉米 不同施肥模式 水氮管理模型 氮素淋失 气体损失 |
| 英文关键词 summer maize different fertilizer treatments water and nitrogen management model nitrate leaching gaseous emission |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 研究不同施肥模式下土壤氮素损失的途径，有助于制定合理的施肥措施.2009年在山东桓台典型高产粮区设置了4种施肥模式：对照(CK)、 农民习惯(FP)、 优化施肥(OPT)和控释肥(CRF），监测了土壤水氮动态和作物生长状况，采用水氮管理模型（WNMM）模拟了不同施肥模式下玉米季土壤的水分动态和氮素去向.2009年夏玉米季3个施肥处理的氮素淋失量占施肥量的比例范围为6%～18%，平均为12.7%，其中优化施肥处理的氮素淋失量最低，仅为14.5 kg·hm-2.氨挥发量所占的比例范围为5%～34%，平均为20.7%，其中控释肥处理的氨挥发量最低，仅为7.6 kg·hm-2.4个处理的氮素总损失量顺序为：FP处理> OPT处理>CRF处理≈CK处理.本研究表明在保证作物产量的前提下，优化施肥和施用缓控释肥均可以有效减少氮素损失，提高氮肥利用效率和保护生态环境. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The objective of this study was to investigate nitrogen (N) loss from soil-crop systems under different fertilizer N managements, and to provide some suggestions on optimizing fertilizer management practices. The experiment was carried in high yield production area of Huantai county in Shandong province in 2009. Four kinds of fertilizer N application practices were designed, including CK, farmer practice (FP), optimizing fertilizer application (OPT) and controlled release fertilizer (CRT) for studying the fate of N during the maize growth season in 2009. The water and nitrogen management model (WNMM) was used to simulate the dynamics of soil water and N fate. The results indicated that the ratio of nitrate leaching and NH3 volatilization accounting of fertilizer N ranged from 6% to 18% and 5% to 34%, and their means were 12.7% and 20.7%, respectively. The amount of N leaching under OPT was 14.5 kg·hm-2, was the lowest in all treatments. The amount of NH3 volatilization under CRT was 7.6 kg·hm-2, respectively, was the lowest in all treatments. The order of total N loss under four treatments followed as: FP > OPT >CRF≈CK. Both OPT and CRT treatments are the best management practices considering their high grain yield, water and nitrogen use efficiencies, and environmental protection. |
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