| 控释掺混肥对麦玉轮作体系作物产量和温室气体排放的影响 |
| 摘要点击 569 全文点击 61 投稿时间：2023-05-22 修订日期：2023-07-24 |
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| 中文关键词 麦玉轮作体系 产量 控释掺混肥 氮肥利用效率 温室气体排放 全球增温潜势 |
| 英文关键词 wheat-maize rotation system yield controlled-release blended fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency greenhouse gas emissions global warming potential |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 高玮 | 北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 北京 100097
河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 保定 071000
北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心, 北京 100097 | 1933747813@qq.com | | 王学霞 | 北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 北京 100097
北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心, 北京 100097 | | | 谢建治 | 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 保定 071000 | | | 陈延华 | 北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 北京 100097
北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心, 北京 100097 | | | 倪小会 | 北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 北京 100097
北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心, 北京 100097 | | | 王甲辰 | 北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 北京 100097
北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心, 北京 100097 | | | 董艳芳 | 德州市农业科学研究院, 德州 253015 | | | 李子双 | 德州市农业科学研究院, 德州 253015 | zishuangli@163.com | | 曹兵 | 北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 北京 100097
北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心, 北京 100097 | 609284507@qq.com |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探究控释掺混肥一次性施肥对华北平原麦玉（冬小麦和夏玉米）轮作体系作物产量和温室气体排放的影响,于2020~2022年在德州市现代农业科技园区开展田间试验.冬小麦和夏玉米均设不施氮对照（CK）、农户习惯施氮（FFP）、优化施氮（OPT）、CRU1（包膜尿素与普通尿素在冬小麦和夏玉米上的掺混比例分别为5∶5和3∶7）、CRU2（包膜尿素与普通尿素在冬小麦和夏玉米上的掺混比例分别为7∶3和5∶5）共5个处理.对比分析了不同处理的作物产量、氮肥利用效率、施肥经济效益和温室气体排放的差异.结果表明,施氮可显著提高麦玉轮作系统单季和周年作物产量（P<0.05）.与FFP相比,CRU1和CRU2处理的夏玉米、冬小麦和周年产量分别提高了0.4%~5.6%、-5.4%~4.1%和-1.1%~3.9%（P>0.05）；氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力分别提高了-8.6%~43.4%、2.05~6.24 kg·kg-1和4.24~10.13 kg·kg-1；周年净收益提高了0.2%~6.3%.施氮显著增加了麦玉轮作体系的土壤N2O和CO2的周年排放（P<0.05）,但对CH4周年排放没有影响（第1年FFP处理除外）.CRU1和CRU2处理的土壤N2O周年排放总量较FFP处理显著降低了23.4%~30.2%（P<0.05）.施氮显著增加了麦玉轮作体系的周年全球增温潜势（GWP）（P<0.05）,但各施氮处理通过提高作物产量降低了温室气体排放强度.与FFP相比,CRU1和CRU2处理的周年GWP降低了9.6%~11.5%（P<0.05）,周年温室气体排放强度（GHGI）降低了11.2%~13.8%（P>0.05）.综上所述,一次性减量施用控释掺混肥在减少氮肥和人工投入、提高作物产量、经济效益和降低温室气体排放方面具有积极作用,是促进华北平原粮食作物清洁生产的有效氮肥管理措施. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The increasing use of nitrogen fertilizers exerts extreme pressure on the environment (e.g., greenhouse gas emissions, GHGs) for winter wheat-summer maize rotation systems in the North China Plain. The application of controlled-release fertilizers is considered as an effective measure to improve crop yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency. To explore the impact of one-time fertilization of controlled-release blended fertilizer on crop yield and GHGs of a wheat-maize rotation system, field experiments were carried out in Dezhou Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Park from 2020 to 2022. Five treatments were established for both winter wheat and summer maize, including no nitrogen control (CK), farmers' conventional nitrogen application (FFP), optimized nitrogen application (OPT), CRU1 (the blending ratio of coated urea and traditional urea on winter wheat and summer maize was 5:5 and 3:7, respectively), and CRU2 (the blending ratio of coated urea and traditional urea on winter wheat and summer maize was 7:3 and 5:5, respectively). The differences in yield, nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, fertilization economic benefits, and GHGs among different treatments were compared and analyzed. The results showed that nitrogen application significantly increased the single season and annual crop yields of the wheat-maize rotation system (P < 0.05). Compared with those of FFP, the CRU1 and CRU2 treatments increased the yields of summer maize by 0.4% to 5.6%, winter wheat by -5.4% to 4.1%, and annual yields by -1.1% to 3.9% (P > 0.05). N recovery efficiency (NRE), N agronomic efficiency (NAE), and N partial factor productivity (NPFP) were increased by -8.6%-43.4%, 2.05-6.24 kg·kg-1, and 4.24-10.13 kg·kg-1, respectively. Annual net income increased by 0.2% to 6.3%. Nitrogen application significantly increased the annual emissions of soil N2O and CO2 in the rotation system (P < 0.05) but had no effect on the annual emissions of CH4 (except for in the FFP treatment in the first year). The annual total N2O emissions under the CRU1 and CRU2 treatments were significantly reduced by 23.4% to 30.2% compared to those under the FFP treatment (P < 0.05). Additionally, nitrogen application significantly increased the annual global warming potential (GWP) of the rotation system (P < 0.05), but the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions was reduced due to the increase in crop yields. Compared with that under FFP, the annual GWP under the CRU1 and CRU2 treatments decreased by 9.6% to 11.5% (P < 0.05), and the annual GHGs decreased by 11.2% to 13.8% (P > 0.05). In summary, the one-time application of controlled-release blended fertilizer had a positive role in improving crop yield and economic benefits, reducing nitrogen fertilizer input and labor costs, and GHGs, which is an effective nitrogen fertilizer management measure to promote cleaner production of food crops in the North China Plain. |
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