| 基于源导向的土壤重金属风险评价及管控因子分析 |
| 摘要点击 1207 全文点击 223 投稿时间：2023-03-18 修订日期：2023-04-05 |
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| 中文关键词 土壤重金属 生态风险 健康风险 联合风险评价模型 源风险评价 |
| 英文关键词 soil heavy metals ecological risk health risk combined risk assessment model source risk assessment |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 量化重金属来源风险可以识别主要污染源，为减轻土壤重金属对生态和人类健康风险提供科学依据.以桂北某铅锌矿流域浅层土壤为研究对象，利用潜在生态风险评价（RI）和人体健康风险评价（HRA）进行生态和人体健康风险评价，利用绝对主成分-多元线性回归受体（APCS-MLR）模型和随机森林模型进行土壤重金属源解析，最后结合RI、HRA和APCS-MLR组成联合风险评价模型量化土壤重金属来源风险.结果表明，ω（Pb）、ω（Zn）、ω（Cu）和ω（Cd）均值分别为342.77、693.34、61.27和3.08 mg·kg-1，含量均超出农用地土壤环境筛选值，存在一定程度的污染；Pb、Cr和As是主要健康风险影响因子，对儿童的健康风险要高于成年人；源解析结果识别出矿山开采活动（来源Ⅰ）、成土母质及原生地层（来源Ⅱ）和未知源，其中Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd主要由来源Ⅰ，Cr和As主要由未知源和来源Ⅱ贡献；土壤重金属来源风险评价结果表明，潜在生态风险和非致癌风险主要由来源Ⅰ和来源Ⅱ贡献，而致癌风险主要由未知源贡献；未知源在来源解析和风险评价均占有较高比例，应对其进一步研究，为土壤重金属防治提供科学依据.基于源解析的联合风险评价模型，注重不同来源的风险特征，精准查明高风险污染源，是一种更为合理可靠的风险评价方法. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Quantifying the risk of soil heavy metal sources can identify the main pollution sources. It can provide a scientific basis for reducing the ecological and human health risks of soil heavy metals. Taking the shallow soil in a Pb-Zn mine watershed in northern Guangxi as a research object， ecological and human health risk assessments were conducted using potential ecological risk assessment （RI） and human health risk assessment （HRA）， and the source apportionment of soil heavy metals was completed using the absolute principal component-multiple linear regression receptor （APCS-MLR） model and random forest （RF） model. Then， a combined risk assessment model， consisting of RI， HRA， and APCS-MLR， was used to quantify the risk of soil heavy metal sources. The results showed that the contents of Pb， Zn， Cu， and Cd exceeded the environmental screening values for agricultural land with mean values of 342.77， 693.34， 61.27， and 3.08 mg·kg-1， respectively， and there was a certain degree of contamination. Pb， Cr， and As were the main health risk impact factors， with higher health risks for children than for adults. Three sources were identified： mining activities （Source Ⅰ）， soil parent material sources and original formation （Source Ⅱ）， and unknown sources. Pb， Zn， Cu， and Cd were mainly derived from Source Ⅰ， and Cr and As were controlled by unknown sources and Source Ⅱ. The source risk assessment results of soil heavy metals indicated that the potential ecological risk and non-carcinogenic risk were mainly from Source Ⅰ and Source Ⅱ， and carcinogenic risk was mainly from unknown sources. The unknown sources had a high proportion in source apportionment and risk assessment， and should be further researched to provide scientific basis for soil heavy metal control. The combined risk assessment model based on source analysis， focusing on the risk characteristics of different sources， can accurately identify high-risk pollution sources. It is a more reasonable and reliable risk assessment method. |
