| 生物炭施用两年后对热带地区稻菜轮作土壤N2O和CH4排放的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1258 全文点击 199 投稿时间：2023-02-13 修订日期：2023-04-25 |
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| 中文关键词 热带地区 生物炭 稻菜轮作 氧化亚氮（N2O） 甲烷（CH4） 全球增温潜势（GWP） |
| 英文关键词 tropical region biochar rice-vegetable rotation nitrous oxide （N2O） methane （CH4） global warming potential（GWP） |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 通过探究生物炭施用两年后对海南典型稻菜轮作模式土壤氧化亚氮（N2O）和甲烷（CH4）排放的影响，旨在明确生物炭在该模式下对温室气体排放的长期效应，可为我国热带地区稻菜轮作系统N2O和CH4减排提供理论依据.田间试验共设置4个处理，分别为：不施氮肥对照（CK）、施氮磷钾肥（CON）、施氮磷钾肥配施20 t·hm-2生物炭（B1）和施氮磷钾肥配施40 t·hm-2生物炭（B2）处理.结果表明：①相较于CON常规施氮处理，B1和B2添加生物炭处理显著减少了早稻季32%和54%的N2O排放，但在晚稻季B1和B2处理显著增加了31%和81%的N2O排放，辣椒季N2O的累积排放量则显著高于早稻和晚稻季，且B1处理显著减少了35%的 N2O的排放，B2处理相较于CON处理无显著性差异；②B1和B2比CON处理显著减少了早稻季63%和65%的CH4排放，在晚稻季B2处理显著增加了41%的CH4排放，B1处理相较于CON处理无显著性差异，辣椒季各处理CH4的累积排放量无显著性差异；③晚稻季贡献了稻菜轮作系统主要的总增温潜势（GWP），CH4的排放量决定了GWP和温室气体排放强度（GHGI）的大小.生物炭施用两年后，B1降低了整个稻菜轮作系统的GHGI，B2增加了GHGI，并达到显著水平，但B1和B2处理在早稻季和辣椒季显著降低了GHGI，仅B2处理在晚稻季增加了GHGI；④B1和B2相较于CON处理显著增加了早稻产量33%和51%，且B1和B2处理显著增加辣椒季产量53%和81%，晚稻季除不施氮肥CK处理外，其它处理产量无显著性差异.研究结果表明，热带地区稻菜轮作系统温室气体排放的大小主要取决于晚稻季的CH4排放，而生物炭施用两年后仅低量生物炭配施氮肥有显著的减排作用，但高低量生物炭配施氮肥对早稻和辣椒季作物增产具有持续性. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The effects of biochar application on soil nitrous oxide （N2O） and methane （CH4） emissions in a typical rice-vegetable rotation system in Hainan after two years were investigated. The aim was to clarify the long-term effects of biochar on greenhouse gas emissions under this model， and it provided a theoretical basis for N2O and CH4 emission reduction in rice-vegetable rotation systems in tropical regions of China. Four treatments were set up in the field experiment， including no nitrogen fertilizer control （CK）； nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium fertilizer （CON）； nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium fertilizer combined with 20 t·hm-2 biochar （B1）； and nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium fertilizer combined with 40 t·hm-2 biochar （B2）. The results showed that： ① compared with that in the CON treatment， the B1 and B2 treatments significantly reduced N2O emissions by 32% and 54% in the early rice season （P < 0.05， the same below）， but the B1 and B2 treatments significantly increased N2O emissions by 31% and 81% in the late rice season. The cumulative emissions of N2O in the pepper season were significantly higher than those in the early and late rice seasons， and the B1 treatment significantly reduced N2O emissions by 35%. There was no significant difference between the B2 and CON treatments. ② Compared with that in the CON treatment， B1 and B2 significantly reduced CH4 emissions by 63% and 65% in the early rice season， and the B2 treatment significantly increased CH4 emissions by 41% in the late rice season. There was no significant difference between the B1 and CON treatments. There was no significant difference in cumulative CH4 emissions between treatments in the pepper season. ③ The late rice season contributed to the main global warming potential （GWP） of the rice-vegetable rotation system， and CH4 emissions determined the magnitude of GWP and greenhouse gas emission intensity （GHGI）. After two years of biochar application， B1 reduced the GHGI of the whole rice-vegetable rotation system， and B2 increased the GHGI and reached a significant level. However， the B1 and B2 treatments significantly reduced GHGI in the early rice season and pepper season， and only the B2 treatment increased GHGI in the late rice season. ④ Compared with that in the CON treatment， the B1 and B2 treatments significantly increased the yield of early rice by 33% and 51%， and the B1 and B2 treatments significantly increased the yield of pepper season by 53% and 81%. In the late rice season， there was no significant difference in yield except for in the CK treatment without nitrogen fertilizer. The results showed that the magnitude of greenhouse gas emissions in the tropical rice-vegetable rotation system was mainly determined by CH4 emissions in the late rice season. After two years of biochar application， only low biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer had a significant emission reduction effect， but high and low biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer increased the yield of early rice and pepper crops continuously. |
