| 连续极端降雨对东江流域水质影响分析 |
| 摘要点击 2134 全文点击 666 投稿时间：2019-02-15 修订日期：2019-04-16 |
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| 中文关键词 降雨 极端事件 时空分布特征 水质 污染物通量 |
| 英文关键词 rainfall extreme events spatial and temporal distribution characteristics water quality pollutant flux |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 车蕊 | 暨南大学环境学院, 广州 510632
生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 国家水环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室, 广东省水与大气污染防治重点实验室, 广州 510535 | 584344722@qq.com | | 林澍 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 国家水环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室, 广东省水与大气污染防治重点实验室, 广州 510535 | | | 范中亚 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 国家水环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室, 广东省水与大气污染防治重点实验室, 广州 510535 | | | 李文静 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 国家水环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室, 广东省水与大气污染防治重点实验室, 广州 510535 | | | 曾凡棠 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 国家水环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室, 广东省水与大气污染防治重点实验室, 广州 510535 | | | 毛本健 | 暨南大学环境学院, 广州 510632 | | | 石雷 | 暨南大学环境学院, 广州 510632 | shilei9899@163.com | | 黄志伟 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 国家水环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室, 广东省水与大气污染防治重点实验室, 广州 510535 | huangzhiwei@scies.org |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为研究连续极端降雨对饮用水源型河流东江水质的影响，分析流域近38年极端降雨事件发生特征，并结合水文水质数据初步分析其对水质的影响.基于SWAT2012建立东江流域高精度模型，研究极端降雨过程中主要污染物通量变化过程及其对水质的影响.结果表明，东江流域近38年极端降雨事件共发生173次，丰水年频次要高于其他年份，年内受气候影响主要集中在3~9月（80%），峰值主要出现在降雨量最高的6月；在空间上增城-博罗-惠州-龙门一带极端事件发生频率最高.降雨量与浊度、TP、氰化物、Pb、Fe和Mn的浓度值均呈显著正相关，其中与浊度、TP的相关系数相对较高，与pH、电导率和Zn的浓度值等呈极显著负相关，水质在一定程度上受到降雨的影响.浊度、TN、NH4+-N及TP浓度值均在暴雨径流期出现不同程度的上升趋势，其中浊度和TP浓度值变化趋势与流量呈显著一致，其峰值出现要早于流量峰值（约1 d），存在显著初期冲刷效应；pH变化过程则与流量相反，成"V"字形，可能是受上游山区降雨、土壤酸碱度及产汇流条件影响；NH4+-N受初期冲刷及洁净雨水稀释则呈现前期高，中后期低的特征.污染物负荷与径流量变化趋势较为一致，TN、NH4+-N及TP污染通量峰值要晚于（约1d）流量峰值的出现，这与污染物浓度峰值出现规律不同；污染物负荷主要在暴雨径流期呈现明显增加趋势，以59.48%的径流量输送污染物占比达到了：COD 68.42%、NH4+-N 54.68%和TP 70.20%，呈现时间短、污染物负荷冲击强等特点，对东江饮用水源水质造成较大的影响，建议通过强化初期雨水治理减少暴雨径流期对水质风险的影响. |
| 英文摘要 |
| In order to research the impact of continuous extreme rainfall on the water quality of the Dongjiang River, which is a drinking water source, the characteristics of extreme rainfall events in the basin were analyzed for last 38 years. The impacts of these events on water quality are discussed by considering both hydrological data and water quality data. Using SWAT2012 software, a high-precision basin model was established for the flux of major pollutants during extreme rainfall and water quality. The results indicate that there were 173 extreme rainfall events in the Dongjiang River basin over the past 38 years. The annual frequency of extreme rainfall events in high-flow years was higher than in other years. During the year, rainfall was mainly affected by climate, particularly from March to September (80%), with the peak rainfall usually occurring in June. Spatially, the Zengcheng-Bolo-Huizhou-Longmen area had the highest frequency of extreme events. During the study period, rainfall was significantly positively correlated with the concentrations of cyanide, Pb, Fe, Mn, TP, and with turbidity, and the correlation coefficients for the concentrations of TP and turbidity with rainfall were relatively high. Rainfall was significantly negatively correlated with pH, conductivity, the concentration of Zn, as well as some other indicators. These observations show that water quality is affected by rainfall to some extent. Turbidity, TN, ammonia nitrogen, and TP concentrations all showed increasing trends, to different degrees, during rainstorm runoff periods. Turbidity and TP concentrations showed a significant and consistent relationship with flow rate, peaking earlier than the flow rate peak (by approximately 1 d), showing a significant initial flushing effect. The pH curve showed an opposite trend to the flow rate, forming a "V" shape, which may be affected by the rainfall, soil acidity, and confluence conditions in the upstream mountains. Ammonia nitrogen was subject to initial flushing in the early stages of extreme rainfall but was diluted by the clean rainwater; initially, ammonia nitrogen showed high values that declined during the middle and late stages. The variations in pollutant loads were consistent with that of runoff flux, and the peaks in TN, ammonia nitrogen, and TP flux appeared later than the flow peak (by approximately 1 d), thus differing from the pollutant concentration peak. The pollutant load mainly showed a significant increase during storm runoff periods. The proportion of pollutant COD, ammonia nitrogen, and TP transported by 59.48% of the runoff reached 68.42%, 54.68%, and 70.20%, respectively, demonstrating the characteristics of rapid and high-impact pollutant loads. These characteristics have a great influence on the quality of Dongjiang River drinking water and it is suggested that initial rainwater treatment should be strengthened to reduce the negative impact of rainstorm runoff periods on water quality. |
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