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截污调水后滇池表层沉积物中16种PAHs的分布特征
摘要点击 1752  全文点击 572  投稿时间:2019-01-14  修订日期:2019-03-12
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中文关键词  滇池  表层沉积物  多环芳烃(PAHs)  含量  毒性当量(TEQ)
英文关键词  Dianchi Lake  surface sediments  polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)  concentration  toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ)
作者单位E-mail
胡昕怡 中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院, 北京 100081 huxinyi9725@163.com 
高冰丽 清华大学环境学院, 北京 100084  
陈坦 中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院, 北京 100081
北京市食品环境与健康工程技术研究中心, 北京 100081 
chentan05@tsinghua.org.cn 
王洪涛 清华大学环境学院, 北京 100084 htwang@tsinghua.edu.cn 
金军 中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院, 北京 100081
北京市食品环境与健康工程技术研究中心, 北京 100081 
 
饶竹 自然资源部生态地球化学重点实验室, 北京 100037  
朱雪芹 中国地质环境监测院, 北京 100081  
王雪郡 中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院, 北京 100081  
魏抱楷 中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院, 北京 100081  
战楠 自然资源部生态地球化学重点实验室, 北京 100037  
刘彦廷 清华大学环境学院, 北京 100084  
戚敏 中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院, 北京 100081  
中文摘要
      截污调水等工程实施后,滇池的外源污染已得到有效控制,表层沉积物等内源污染物应加以重视.为研究滇池表层沉积物中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的分布特征,采用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)分析了2016年12月采集的19个滇池表层沉积物样品的PAHs含量,解析其时空分布规律、来源及生态风险.滇池表层沉积物中总多环芳烃(TPAHs)的含量范围为92.31~1546.78 ng·g-1,平均值为496.30 ng·g-1,草海TPAHs含量(平均932.37 ng·g-1)远高于外海(平均380.02 ng·g-1),随着截污调水工程的开展,TPAHs含量较2012年大幅下降,已处于我国重点水域中较低水平.滇池表层沉积物中含量最高的物质为荧蒽(80.65 ng·g-1),毒性当量(TEQ)含量最高的物质为二苯并[a,h]蒽(42.97 ng·g-1).PAHs组成以4环及5~6环为主(分别占总含量的40.38%和40.22%),PAHs构成较以往大体一致.分子比值法分析结果表明,滇池表层沉积物中PAHs主要由生物质或煤的燃烧贡献.基于潜在生态风险标志对比法评估,全湖总体处于低风险水平,但草海的生态风险相对较高,值得进一步关注.本研究结果可为滇池水质的保持与提升提供基础数据和重要参考.
英文摘要
      The external pollution of Dianchi Lake has been effectively controlled with the implementation of the integrated water environment control project. However, further attention should be paid to endogenous pollutants, such as surface sediments. To investigate the distribution of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of Dianchi Lake, PAH concentrations in 19 surface sediment samples (collected in December 2016) were quantitatively measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The spatial and temporal distribution, sources, and ecological risks were also analyzed. The concentration of total PAHs (TPAHs) in the Dianchi Lake surface sediments varied in the range of 92.31-1546.78 ng·g-1 with an average of 496.30 ng·g-1. The average concentration of TPAHs in the surface sediments from Caohai (932.37 ng·g-1) was much greater than that from Waihai (380.02 ng·g-1). With the implement of the integrated water environment control project, the concentration of TPAHs in the surface sediments from Dianchi Lake was significantly lower than those detected in 2012, and was already relatively low level among other key waterbodies in China. The PAH with the highest concentration was fluoranthene (80.65 ng·g-1) and the substance with the highest toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) was dibenz[a, h] anthracene (42.97 ng·g-1). The PAHs were mainly composed of 4 ring and 5-6 ring compounds (with the concentration ratio of 40.38% and 40.22%, respectively), which indicated that the proportions of middle-ring and high-ring compounds were generally consistent. The results of the molecular diagnostic ratio analysis showed that the primary source of PAHs in Dianchi Lake surface sediments are biomass and coal combustion. Based on the potential ecological risk marker comparison method, the entire lake was classified as having a low ecological risk, while the ecological risk of Caohai was relatively higher, which should be concerned further. The results provide initial data and act as an important reference for the conservation and improvement of water quality in Dianchi Lake.

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