| 生活垃圾填埋场细菌气溶胶粒径分布及种群特征 |
| 摘要点击 2228 全文点击 598 投稿时间：2019-01-08 修订日期：2019-03-05 |
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| 中文关键词 细菌气溶胶 垃圾填埋场 粒径分布 种群特征 影响因素 |
| 英文关键词 airborne bacteria sanitary landfill site particle size distribution population characteristics influencing factors |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 马嘉伟 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 | jwma_st@rcees.ac.cn | | 杨凯雄 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 | | | 柴风光 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 | | | 王莹 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 | | | 郭雪松 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 | | | 李琳 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 | leel@rcees.ac.cn |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 卫生填埋是一种常用的生活垃圾处置方法.在倾倒、堆放、推平和压实等垃圾填埋过程中，有大量带有致病菌的微生物气溶胶逸散，污染空气，危害人体健康.本研究在华北地区某生活垃圾卫生填埋场设置采样点，采集空气中的细菌气溶胶，解析细菌气溶胶的浓度、粒径分布和种群特征，研究空气温度、相对湿度以及风速对细菌气溶胶逸散的影响.结果表明，作业区和覆盖区空气细菌浓度分别为（5437±572） CFU·m-3和（2707±396） CFU·m-3.垃圾渗滤液处理区空气中的细菌气溶胶浓度最高，平均为9460 CFU·m-3.细菌气溶胶的浓度呈现明显的季节变化，夏季浓度明显高于其他季节.冗余分析（RDA）显示，气象参数如相对湿度、温度和风速，显著影响细菌气溶胶在空气中的数量.作业区和覆盖区空气细菌粒径分布高峰分别在2.1~4.7 μm和0.65~2.1 μm.渗滤液处理逸散的细菌气溶胶大部分大于4.7 μm.Moraxellaceae，Bacillus aerius，Arcobacter以及Aeromonas是垃圾填埋场细菌气溶胶中检出潜在或机会致病菌. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Sanitary landfill is a commonly-used method for solid waste disposal. In the process of landfilling, e. g. dumping, stacking, pushing, and compacting, a large number of bioaerosols with pathogenic bacteria will be generated. That can result in air pollution and significant harm to human health if these pathogens are released into the air. Sampling sites were set up in a domestic waste sanitary landfill in North China to collect airborne bacteria in the air. Airborne bacteria, particle size distributions, and populations were analyzed, and the influence of meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity (RH), and wind speed (WS)) on the emission of airborne bacteria was also investigated. Results showed that the concentrations of airborne bacteria in the working area and the coverage area were (5437±572) CFU·m-3 and (2707±396) CFU·m-3, respectively. The emission level in the leachate treatment area was the highest, with an average of 9460 CFU·m-3. The concentration of airborne bacteria showed clear seasonal variation, being was much higher in summer than that in the other seasons. Redundancy analysis (RDA) demonstrated that RH, temperature, and WS affected the number of airborne bacteria in the air. The peaks in the airborne particle size distribution were 2.1-4.7 μm in the working area and 0.65-2.1 μm in the coverage area. Most of the airborne bacteria released from the leachate treatment processes were larger than 4.7 μm. Moraxellaceae, Bacillus aerius, Arcobacter, and Aeromonas were potential or opportunistic pathogens detected from the airborne bacteria samples. Effective measures should be taken to reduce the amount of bacterial aerosol emitted to the air in landfill working areas and in the leachate of treatment areas. Operators of landfill machinery and leachate treatment facilities should consider personal protection measures and should reduce their exposure to microbial aerosols in order to prevent disease. |
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