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办公楼聚集区空气中PBDEs谱分布与污染特征
摘要点击 1450  全文点击 529  投稿时间:2018-10-25  修订日期:2019-01-04
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中文关键词  多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)  办公楼聚集区  分布特征  季节变化  暴露风险
英文关键词  polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)  office building clustered area  distribution characteristic  seasonal variation  exposure risk
作者单位E-mail
王琳 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101
中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 
545165844@qq.com 
邓雅佳 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101
中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 
 
廖晓勇 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101
中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101 
 
曹红英 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101
中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101 
caohy@igsnrr.ac.cn 
焦杏春 国家地质实验测试中心, 国土资源部生态地球化学重点实验室, 北京 100037  
中文摘要
      为评估办公楼密集区大气中PBDEs污染程度、同类物分布特征及其健康风险,采集了典型科研园区室外空气样品(颗粒物+气态),利用GC-MS对PBDEs质量浓度进行测定.结果表明,PBDEs在气态、PM2.5和PM10中质量浓度分别为2.3~78.6、14.4~335.3和11.6~431.7 pg·m-3,平均值为21.7、96.9和149.3 pg·m-3,BDE-209是颗粒态PBDEs中质量浓度最高的同系物,占PBDEs总量的50%.颗粒物中PBDEs质量浓度均表现为秋季 > 冬季 > 夏季 > 春季,冬季变化显著,夏季相对稳定.三溴联苯醚主要存在于气态中,随溴原子的增加,颗粒态PBDEs单体的含量比重增大.来源分析说明BDE-209的降解是空气中其他PBDEs组分的重要来源.暴露风险分析显示儿童和成人对PBDEs的呼吸摄入量分别为18.6 pg·(kg·d)-1和7.1pg·(kg·d)-1,远小于相关研究中推荐的最低观察不良反应水平1 mg·(kg·d)-1;BDE-209对成人和儿童的致癌风险值分别为3.7×10-9和2.3×10-9,远小于致癌风险限值10-6,表明该区域大气中PBDEs无健康危害.
英文摘要
      To evaluate the pollution level, congener distribution, and human exposure of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the atmosphere of Beijing's office buildings, outdoor air samples (particles+gas) were collected from a typical scientific area and PBDEs concentrations were quantified using GC-MS. The results showed that the mass concentrations of PBDEs in the gas phase, PM2.5, and PM10 were 2.3-78.6 pg·m-3, 14.4-335.3 pg·m-3, and 11.6-431.7 pg·m-3, respectively, and the annual average mass concentrations were 21.7 pg·m-3, 96.9 pg·m-3, and 149.3 pg·m-3, respectively. BDE-209 was the predominant congener in particulates, accounting for 50% of the total concentration. The mass concentration of PBDEs in the particles decreased in the following order:autumn > winter > summer > spring, with an obvious change in winter and stability in summer. Tri-BDEs mainly existed in the gas phase, and the proportion of PBDEs in the particle phase increased with bromine number. Source analysis indicated that BDE-209 degradation was an important source of other PBDEs in the air. Exposure risk analysis showed that the respiratory intake of children and adults was 18.6 pg·(kg·d)-1 and 7.1 pg·(kg·d)-1, respectively, which is far below the recommended lowest observed adverse effect level of 1 mg·(kg·d)-1. Similarly, the carcinogenic risk values of BDE-209 for children and adults were 2.3×10-9 and 3.7×10-9, respectively, which were much smaller than the carcinogenic risk limit of 10-6, indicating that there was no health hazard from PBDEs in the atmosphere.

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