| 种植油麦菜评价多环芳烃污染土壤的农用风险 |
| 摘要点击 1535 全文点击 500 投稿时间：2018-07-11 修订日期：2018-11-03 |
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| 中文关键词 多环芳烃(PAHs) 油麦菜 富集 迁移转化 污染土壤 |
| 英文关键词 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Lactuca sativa L. accumulation transport contaminated soil |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 污染土壤引起的农产品安全问题已不容忽视.为了探讨多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons，PAHs）污染土壤农用的安全性，本文通过盆栽实验方法，以某焦化企业周边长期受PAHs污染的农田土壤为研究对象，以广泛种植的油麦菜（Lactuca sativa L.）为农产品代表，利用超声振荡提取和气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）分析方法，解析样品中优先控制的16种PAHs的含量，揭示土壤-油麦菜体系中PAHs的迁移转化与富集特征，评估其潜在风险.结果表明，油麦菜地上部分（YS）PAHs的含量（Σ16PAHs）大于地下部分（GS），YS中3~5环PAHs相对含量高，GS中4~6环PAHs含量高.YS对不同PAHs的富集系数均大于GS，YS中蒽（Ant）的富集系数最大（2.41），荧蒽（Fla）最小（0.458），GS中苯并[a]芘（Bap）最大（0.862），Fla最小（0.130）.16种PAHs从GS到YS的转运系数均大于1.00.关联性分析表明GS与初始土壤（SS）PAHs拟合优度中等（R2=0.71），YS与SS的PAHs拟合优度最大（R2=1.0），YS和GS的PAHs拟合优度最小（R2=0.39）.YS和GS的健康风险值分别是国家食品标准Bap最大风险控制值的11.8和12.7倍.表明油麦菜食用的潜在风险较高，焦化企业周边污染土壤农用的安全问题不容忽视. |
| 英文摘要 |
| In order to evaluate the potential agricultural risks of soil contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Lactuca sativa L. was used as a model leaf vegetable plant to investigate the enrichment characteristics of PAHs in the different tissues of Lactuca sativa L, such as its underground parts (GS) and aboveground parts (YS), which were studied through an experiment involving potted cultivation in PAHs contaminated soil that was taken from the agricultural soil around a coking enterprise area. The concentrations of the different PAHs in the soil and plant tissues were analyzed using ultrasonic oscillation extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis methods. The results show that the enrichment of the total PAHs (Σ16PAHs) in the YS is higher than that in the GS. The components enriched in the YS mainly consist of 3-5 ring PAHs, and those in the GS consist of 4-6ring PAHs. The coefficients of the different PAHs enriched in the YS were higher than those of the GS. The enrichment coefficient of anthracene (Ant) was the largest and that of fluoranthene (Fla) was the smallest in the YS, while the enrichment coefficient of benzene[a]pyre (Bap) was the largest and that of Fla was the smallest in the GS. The transfer coefficients of the different PAHs from the GS to the YS were greater than the rate from the initial soil (SS) to the GS; the value is less than 1 from the SS to GS. The correlations and goodness of fit were analyzed for the concentrations of PAHs in the SS, GS and YS. The Σ16PAHs in the SS showed positive correlations with the Σ16PAHs in the YS and in GS. The goodness of fit of the correlation of the PAHs in YS to those in the SS was the largest (R2=1.0), while the goodness-of-fit for the correlation between the GS and SS was lower (R2=0.71). The benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentration values (Σ16PAHsBapeq) of YS and GS were 11.8 and 12.7 times the maximum value of Bap level allowed in food. The study indicates that contaminated farmland soil would present a high health risk when it was used to grow the plant. |
