| 我国七大流域水体多环芳烃的分布特征及风险评价 |
| 摘要点击 2161 全文点击 748 投稿时间：2018-09-04 修订日期：2018-11-23 |
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| 中文关键词 多环芳烃(PAHs) 七大流域 物种敏感度分布(SSD) 生态风险 健康风险 |
| 英文关键词 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) seven basins species sensitivity distribution(SSD) ecological risk health risk |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 范博 | 南昌大学资源环境与化工学院, 鄱阳湖环境与资源利用教育部重点实验室, 南昌 330031 | 2530434907@qq.com | | 王晓南 | 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 国家环境保护化学品生态效应与风险评估重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | | 黄云 | 南昌大学资源环境与化工学院, 鄱阳湖环境与资源利用教育部重点实验室, 南昌 330031 | hbhyun@sina.com | | 李霁 | 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 国家环境保护化学品生态效应与风险评估重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | | 高祥云 | 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 国家环境保护化学品生态效应与风险评估重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | | 李雯雯 | 南昌大学资源环境与化工学院, 鄱阳湖环境与资源利用教育部重点实验室, 南昌 330031 | | | 刘征涛 | 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 国家环境保护化学品生态效应与风险评估重点实验室, 北京 100012 | liuzt@craes.org.cn |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 对我国七大流域水体中16种美国环保署（US EPA）优控多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons，PAHs）的质量浓度及其空间分布特征进行了系统地分析和总结，应用物种敏感度分布法（species sensitivity distribution，SSD）评价了8种单体PAHs对水生生物的急性生态风险，分别应用浓度加和模型与效应加和模型评价了ΣPAH8混合物对水生生物的急性联合生态风险，利用人体暴露风险系数法对PAHs饮水途径健康风险进行评价.结果表明，我国七大流域水体中4环以下的PAHs浓度较高，ΣPAH16浓度均值为2596.25 ng·L-1，高于国外绝大多数水体中ΣPAHs浓度水平；国内外水体中PAHs的组成特征和来源相似；北方水体中ΣPAH16污染比南方水体严重.七大流域水体中萘、苊、芴、菲、荧蒽、芘、蒽对水生生物的潜在影响比例（potential affected fraction，PAF）小于4%.除海河、长江流域外，其它几大流域水体中苯并（a）芘对水生生物的PAF值已超过5%，表明苯并（a）芘对水生生物具有较高的急性生态风险.浓度加和模型不适用于PAHs的水生态风险评价，应用效应加和模型进行的风险评价结果显示，除海河流域外，其它几大流域水体中PAH8混合物对水生生物的累计潜在影响比例（multisubstance PAF，msPAF）均高于5%，说明PAH8混合物对水生生物存在较高的急性联合生态风险.七大流域水体中致癌类PAHs的饮水途径健康风险处于10-5水平，高于US EPA推荐的对致癌物质最大可接受风险水平（10-6），非致癌类PAHs的饮水途径健康风险处于10-9水平，远低于US EPA规定的阈值1，表明我国七大流域水体中PAHs可通过饮水对人体健康产生潜在的致癌风险. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The concentrations and spatial distribution characteristics of 16 US EPA priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water bodies in seven basins in China were systematically analyzed and summarized. The acute ecological risks of 8 PAHs to aquatic organisms were evaluated by means of species sensitivity distribution (SSD). The joint acute ecological risks of ΣPAH8 to aquatic organisms were evaluated by concentration addition model and response addition model. The health risks of PAHs ingestion were estimated by hazard quotients. The results showed that the 2-, 3-, and 4 ringed-PAHs had higher-than-average concentrations in the water bodies from the seven basins, and the mean concentration of ΣPAH16 was 2596.25 ng·L-1, which is higher than in most foreign water bodies. The composition characteristics and sources of PAHs in water bodies of China and other countries were similar. The pollution of ΣPAH16 in northern water bodies was more serious compared with that of southern water bodies. The potentially affected fraction (PAF) values of naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and anthracene to aquatic organisms in the seven basins were less than 4%. Except for the Haihe River and Yangtze River basins, the PAF values of benzo (a) pyrene to aquatic organisms exceeded 5%, which indicates that benzo (a) pyrene had high acute ecological risks to aquatic organisms. The concentration addition model was not suitable for water ecological risk assessments of PAHs. The results of risk assessments based on response addition model showed that except for the Haihe River, the multisubstance PAF (msPAF) values of ΣPAH8 to aquatic organisms in other basins exceeded 5%, which indicates that ΣPAH8 constitutes high joint acute ecological risks to aquatic organisms. The health risks through ingestion of carcinogenic PAHs from water bodies of the seven basins were at 10-5 level, which is higher than the baseline value of acceptable risk (10-6) from the US EPA. The health risks through the ingestion of non-carcinogenic PAHs were at 10-9 level, which is far lower than the baseline value of acceptable risk. The results indicate that there are potential carcinogenic risks to human health through ingestion of PAHs from seven basins in China. |
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