| 中国建筑涂料使用VOCs排放因子及排放清单的建立 |
| 摘要点击 2450 全文点击 852 投稿时间：2018-06-25 修订日期：2018-09-18 |
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| 中文关键词 建筑涂料 挥发性有机化合物 (VOCs) 排放因子 (EF) 排放清单 分散介质 |
| 英文关键词 architectural coatings volatile organic compounds(VOCs) emission factor(EF) emission inventory dispersion medium |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 高美平 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 城市大气挥发性有机物污染防治技术与应用北京市重点实验室, 北京 100037 | gaomeiping@cee.cn | | 邵霞 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 城市大气挥发性有机物污染防治技术与应用北京市重点实验室, 北京 100037 | | | 聂磊 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 城市大气挥发性有机物污染防治技术与应用北京市重点实验室, 北京 100037 | nielei@cee.cn | | 王海林 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 城市大气挥发性有机物污染防治技术与应用北京市重点实验室, 北京 100037 | | | 安小栓 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 城市大气挥发性有机物污染防治技术与应用北京市重点实验室, 北京 100037 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| VOCs是国家重要空气污染物，其排放控制是大气污染防治的重要内容，建筑涂料是我国大气VOCs的重要来源.由于经济的发展及城镇化水平提高，住宅及其他房屋建筑施工面积居高不下，对建筑涂料的需求不断增加，建筑涂料VOCs污染受到越来越多的关注，但有关建筑涂料VOCs排放因子及量化其排放量的研究相对较少.本文建立一套自下而上的建筑涂料VOCs排放清单估算方法，通过实测建筑涂料中VOCs及总结梳理国内有关建筑涂料VOCs含量的相关研究，获取了各类型建筑涂料VOCs排放因子，结合建筑涂料使用量，编制了我国2013~2016年建筑涂料VOCs排放清单.结果表明：1水性内墙涂料VOCs排放因子为24.63 g·kg-1，水性和溶剂型外墙涂料分别为17.5 g·kg-1和298.8 g·kg-1，水性、反应固化型和溶剂型防水涂料分别为2.75、87.86和400 g·kg-1，水性、无溶剂型与溶剂型地坪涂料分别为86.2、25.24和317 g·kg-1，水性和溶剂型防腐涂料分别为31.95 g·kg-1和464.61 g·kg-1，水性与溶剂型防火涂料分别为59.7 g·kg-1和347.2 g·kg-1.22013~2016我国建筑涂料使用VOCs排放量分别为25.59万t、28.75万t、31.97万t和34.8万t，呈增长趋势.32016年建筑涂料使用排放VOCs 34.8万t中，地坪涂料贡献率最大，排放量为7.87万t，占22.61%，其次是外墙涂料排放量为6.49万t，占18.65%，防火和防腐涂料作为功能性涂料，排放量分别为6.45万t和5.08万t，分别占18.53%与14.6%，防水涂料和内墙涂料排放量分别为4.61万t和4.3万t，分别占13.25%和12.36%.42016年水性建筑涂料使用量为488.94万t，VOCs排放量为9.79万t，VOCs平均排放因子为20.02 g·kg-1，溶剂型建筑涂料使用量为63.65万t，VOCs排放量为22.72万t，VOCs平均排放因子为356.95 g·kg-1，减少溶剂型涂料的使用有利于消减VOCs排放，建筑涂料进一步水性化是降低VOCs排放的趋势.5在空间分布上，建筑涂料使用VOCs排放主要集中在山东、江苏、浙江、河南、四川、广东以及河北等人口数量多的省份，山东省排放量最大，约占9.36%，江苏省次之，约占8.54%. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)are important air pollutants in China, and control of their emission is an important subject of air pollution prevention and control.Architectural coatings play a significant role as sources of atmospheric VOCs in China.Due to recent economic development and increase in the levels of urbanization, the building of residences and other buildings is ongoing all the time, which results in increasing demand for architectural coatings and the VOCs pollution caused by painting operations.However, there are few studies of the VOCs emission factors and VOCs emissions due to architectural coatings.In this paper, a set of bottom-up VOCs emission inventory estimation methods for architectural coatings in China was established.The architectural coatings VOCs emission factors were gotten by actual measurement of VOCs in architectural coatings and by summarizing studies of VOCs contents in architectural coatings.Combining these results with the consumption of architectural coating sources, a VOCs emission inventory of architectural coatings in China from 2013 to 2016 was established.The results showed the following.① VOCs emission factors were 24.63 g·kg-1 for water-based interior wall coatings; 17.5 g·kg-1 and 298.8 g·kg-1 for water-based and solvent-based exterior wall coatings, respectively. They were 2.75, 87.86, and 400 g·kg-1 for water-based, reaction-type, and solvent-based waterproof coatings, respectively. For water-based, solventless, and solvent-based floor coatings, they were 86.2, 25.24, and 317 g·kg-1, respectively; and 31.95 g·kg-1 and 464.61 g·kg-1 for water-based and solvent-based anticorrosive coatings respectively. The emission factors were 59.7 g·kg-1 and 347.2 g·kg-1 for water-based and solvent-based fire retardant coatings, respectively. ② VOCs emissions from the use of architectural coatings were 255900 t, 287500 t, 319700 t, and 348000 t from 2013 to 2016 in China, with an upward trend. ③ Total VOCs emissions from architectural coatings was 348000 t in 2016, and the VOCs emissions from floor coatings was 78700 t, accounting for 22.61% with the maximum contribution rate. The VOCs emissions from exterior wall coatings were 64900 t, accounting for 18.65% (second place), and the VOCs emissions from fire retardant coatings and anticorrosive coatings (functional coatings) were 64500 t and 50800 t, accounting for 18.53% and 14.6% respectively. The VOCs emissions from waterproof coatings and interior wall coatings were 46100 t and 43000 t, accounting for 13.25% and 12.36%, respectively. ④ The consumption of water-based architectural coatings reached a total of 4889400 t in 2016 with VOCs emissions of 97900 t and average VOCs emissions factor of 20.02 g·kg-1; however, the consumption of solvent-based architectural coatings totaled 636500 t with VOCs emissions of 227200 t and average VOCs emission factor of 356.95 g·kg-1. Reducing the consumption of solvent-based coatings would be favorable for reduction of VOCs emissions. ⑤ As for the spatial distribution, architectural coating-related VOCs emissions were mainly concentrated in Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Henan, Sichuan, Guangdong, and Hebei provinces, which have large populations. The province with the highest VOCs emissions was Shandong, with a percentage of 9.36%, and the second was Jiangsu, with a percentage of 8.54%. |
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