| 沈阳市采暖期与非采暖期空气PM2.5污染特征及来源分析 |
| 摘要点击 2519 全文点击 896 投稿时间：2018-07-20 修订日期：2018-09-14 |
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| 中文关键词 沈阳市 采暖期 非采暖期 PM2.5 污染特征 质量重构 |
| 英文关键词 Shenyang heating period non-heating period PM2.5 pollution characteristics mass closure |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为了研究沈阳市采暖期与非采暖期空气PM2.5污染特征及来源，于2015年1月29日~2016年1月26日在沈阳市采集PM2.5有效样品113组，并分析了其载带的水溶性离子、碳组分及元素组分.结果表明，采样期间沈阳市PM2.5质量浓度均值为66 μg·m-3，其中31.0%的样品超过《环境空气质量标准》（GB 3095-2012）日均值二级标准（75 μg·m-3），采暖期PM2.5的平均浓度和超标率（90 μg·m-3、68.6%）明显高于非采暖期（51 μg·m-3、31.4%）.采样期间21种元素（除了Mg、Ti、Ca、Fe、Si）、水溶性离子（除Ca2+以外）和OC、EC质量浓度均呈现出采暖期高于非采暖期的趋势；［NO3-］/［SO42-］比值表明非采暖期受移动源影响明显增加，燃煤等固定源仍是采暖期PM2.5的主要来源，PM2.5中水溶性离子是固定源和移动源共同作用的结果；氮氧化率（NOR）和硫氧化率（SOR）分析得到NOx二次转化程度较弱，SO2二次转化程度较强，特别是在非采暖期；富集因子结果表明EF值较高的元素主要来自燃煤、交通污染和工业排放.PM2.5组分重构质量与实测质量呈现较好的相关性，采暖期和非采暖期PM2.5中主要组分均为有机物（OM 28.0%、23.1%）、矿物尘（MIN 14.5%、26.0%）和SO42-（15.1%、19.9%），PM2.5受二次粒子、燃烧源和扬尘源影响较大. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To study the atmospheric PM2.5 pollution characteristics and sources in heating and non-heating periods in Shenyang, 113 groups of effective PM2.5 samples were collected from January 29, 2015 to January 26, 2016, and the water-soluble ions, carbon constituents and elements in PM2.5 were tested. The results indicated that the average PM2.5 mass concentration in Shenyang during the sampling period was 66 μg·m-3. Among the sampled PM2.5 concentrations, 31.0% exceeded the daily value of the secondary standard limit of the Chinese National Ambient Air Quality Standard (75 μg·m-3). The average concentration and over-standard rate of PM2.5 in the heating period (90 μg·m-3, 68.6%) was higher than that of the non-heating period (51 μg·m-3, 31.4%). The concentrations of the 21 elements (except Mg, Ti, Ca, Fe, and Si), water-soluble ions (except Ca2+), OC, and EC were all higher in the heating period than in the non-heating period. The ratio of[NO3-]/[SO42-]showed that the influence of moving source increased obviously in the non-heating period, and fixed source was still the main contributor in the heating period. The water-soluble ions were the result of the interaction of fixed source and moving source. The NOR and SOR analyses showed that the secondary conversion of NOx was weak, and the secondary conversion of SO2 was obvious, especially in the non-heating period. The enrichment factor showed that the elements with high EF value mainly came from coal burning, traffic pollution, and industrial emissions. The reconstructed PM2.5 masses were highly correlated with the measured ones. The main constituents of PM2.5 in both heating and non-heating seasons were organic matter (28.0%, 23.1%), mineral dust (14.5%, 26.0%), and sulfate (15.1%, 19.9%), and PM2.5 was mainly affected by the secondary particles, combustion sources and dust sources. |
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