| 不同改良剂对铅镉污染农田水稻重金属积累和产量影响的比较分析 |
| 摘要点击 2662 全文点击 721 投稿时间：2017-11-09 修订日期：2017-12-25 |
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| 中文关键词 土壤改良剂 重金属 铅 镉 交联改性甲壳素 生物炭 海泡石 水稻产量 |
| 英文关键词 soil conditioner heavy metals Pb Cd cross-linking modification chitin(CC) biochar(BC) sepiolite(SEP) rice yield |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 胡雪芳 | 农业部规划设计研究院, 北京 100125
农业部农产品产后处理重点实验室, 北京 100121 | xuefang1022@126.com | | 田志清 | 农业部规划设计研究院, 北京 100125
农业部农产品产后处理重点实验室, 北京 100121 | | | 梁亮 | 农业部规划设计研究院, 北京 100125
农业部农产品产后处理重点实验室, 北京 100121 | | | 陈俊德 | 国家海洋局第三海洋研究所, 厦门 361005 | | | 张志民 | 农业部规划设计研究院, 北京 100125
农业部农产品产后处理重点实验室, 北京 100121 | | | 朱祥民 | 上海贯发海洋生物科技有限公司, 上海 200052 | | | 王士奎 | 农业部规划设计研究院, 北京 100125
农业部农产品产后处理重点实验室, 北京 100121 | wosk1963@shou.com |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 以无机类土壤改良剂材料海泡石（SEP）、有机类土壤改良剂材料生物炭（BC）作为对比，考察新型交联改性甲壳素（CC）对大田环境下土壤重金属的生物有效性、水稻生长、产量以及吸收累积重金属的影响，为土壤改良剂开发提供新的材料选择，并为该材料培肥改土及合理农用提供依据.选取辽宁凌海市某Pb、Cd污染稻田作为试验地块，于2015~2016年进行田间小区试验，分析试验前（2015年3月）和2016年10月水稻收获后土壤的pH值、土壤中Pb、Cd有效态的变化，比较不同处理对水稻生育性状、产量及水稻根系、茎叶、籽粒各部位吸收Pb、Cd的影响.结果表明，添加167~333 kg·hm-2剂量的CC可使土壤pH值提高0.36~0.45个单位，使得土壤中有效Pb、Cd的含量分别显著（P<0.05）下降46.39%~64.01%、29.73%~43.24%.添加167~333 kg·hm-2剂量的CC与CK相比可显著降低水稻各部位中的Pb、Cd含量（P<0.05），其中根系中分别降低16.09%~38.14%、21.22%~31.38%，茎叶中分别降低了19.17%~46.92%、25.66%~45.34%，籽粒中分别降低了29.47%~58.25%，44.75%~64.02%，添加333 kg·hm-2剂量的CC可使水稻籽粒中的Pb、Cd含量分别降低到（0.2041±0.011） mg·kg-1和（0.1922±0.021） mg·kg-1，低于或接近于GB 2762-2005中大米Pb、Cd的限量值（0.20 mg·kg-1）.施用167~333 kg·hm-2的CC与CK、SEP处理及BC处理相比，亩产分别增加了33.6~47、27.6~44、8.67~34.77 kg.其中CC-2增产效果最明显，亩增产47 kg，增产率为8.59%.CC对Pb、Cd污染土壤重金属修复及降低水稻体内Pb、Cd含量效果不亚于SEP、BC，对重金属Pb、Cd在土壤-水稻系统的迁移与再分配具有较好的阻控作用，且其增产作用明显，具有较好的保障实现水稻安全生产的潜力，具有一定推广应用价值. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Using selected sepiolite (SEP) and biochar (BC) as contrasts, we investigated the effects of a new cross-linked modified chitin (CC) on the bioavailability of Pb and Cd in soils, the yield of rice, and the absorption and accumulation of Pb and Cd in different parts of rice plants in a field environment. We hope this study provides the basis for the application of this material to improve soil fertility, and a direction for further soil improvement studies. A field experiment was carried out in 2015-2016 on selected Pb- and Cd-contaminated rice fields in Linghai, Liaoning. The changes in soil pH and available Pb and Cd in the soil were analyzed after the rice was harvested(October 2016). The effects of different treatments on the growth traits and yield of rice, the absorption of Pb and Cd by rice roots, stems and leaves, and grains were compared. The results showed that adding 167-333 kg·hm-2 CC could increase the soil pH value by 0.36-0.45 units, decreasing the contents of available Pb and Cd in the soil by 46.39%-64.01% and 29.73%-43.24% respectively (P<0.05). This treatment significantly reduced the Pb and Cd contents in all parts of rice (P<0.05) compared to conventional fertilization; Pb and Cd contents in different parts of rice were significantly reduced (P<0.05) by 16.09%-38.14% and 21.22%-31.38% in the root, 19.17%-46.92% and 25.66%-45.34% in the stem and leaf, and 29.47%-58.25% and 44.75%-64.02% in the grain, respectively. The treatment of adding 333 kg·hm-2 CC (CC-2) reduced the contents of Pb and Cd in rice grains to 0.2041±0.011 mg·kg-1 and 0.1922±0.021 mg·kg-1, respectively, which were lower than or close to the limit values of Pb and Cd in rice (0.20 mg·kg-1) as per GB 2762-2005. Compared to conventional fertilization, SEP treatment, and BC treatment, without adding any amendments, the yield per mu of rice under CC treatment increased by 33.6-47, 27.6-44, and 8.67-34.77 kg, respectively. The effect of CC-2 treatment on yield was the most obvious; the yield of rice per mu increased by 47 kg, and the yield increase rate was 8.59%. The ability of CC to repair soil contaminated by Pb and Cd and to reduce the contents of Pb and Cd in rice was not weaker than that of SEP and BC. The CC treatment also controlled the migration and redistribution of Pb and Cd in soil-rice systems, and significantly increased the yield of rice. It has good potential to ensure the safe production of rice. |
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