| 中国七大流域全氟烷基酸污染水平与饮水暴露风险 |
| 摘要点击 2973 全文点击 1226 投稿时间：2017-05-11 修订日期：2017-08-12 |
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| 中文关键词 中国流域 全氟烷基酸 全氟辛烷磺酸 全氟辛酸 污染水平 日均暴露量 饮水暴露风险 场景风险评估模式 |
| 英文关键词 drainage basins of China perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) perfluorooctane acid (PFOA) pollution level average daily dose (ADD) drinking exposure risk scenario-based risk assessment model |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探究中国七大流域全氟烷基酸（perfluoroalkyl acids，PFAAs）的污染现状与居民饮水暴露风险，基于美国国家环保署推荐的风险评估方法，应用场景风险评估模式，分析了各流域PFAAs的污染水平及特征，并对中国成人、青少年、儿童的PFAAs日均饮水暴露量（average daily dose，ADD）及其健康风险进行了评估.结果表明，中等暴露水平下，中国七大流域∑PFAAs中位浓度为14 ng·L-1，全氟辛酸（perfluorooctane acid，PFOA）、全氟丁酸和全氟辛烷磺酸（perfluorooctane sulfonic acid，PFOS）为主要污染物，松辽、太湖流域∑PFAAs高于整体水平.高等暴露水平下，碳链≤ 6的全氟羧酸类化合物占∑PFAAs的比例高于中等暴露水平.黄河、长江部分河段污染水平高.风险评估结果显示，饮水暴露PFOA、PFOS对中国各年龄段居民尚无健康风险，且青少年日均饮水摄入量偏少. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To study the perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAAs) contamination in seven major drainage basins of China and the exposure risk to resident populations via drinking water sourced from these basins, a risk assessment model of the US EPA and a scenario-based risk assessment method were applied to analyze the PFAA pollution characteristics and to evaluate the average daily dose and health risk to adults, adolescents, and children. In the intermediate-exposure scenario, results showed that the ∑PFAAs median for the seven major drainage basins was 14 ng·L-1, with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) the main contaminants, and that the contamination levels were the highest in the Songliao River and Taihu Lake basins. In the high-exposure scenario, the discharge proportion of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids with ≤ 6 carbon chains among the ∑PFAAs was higher than that in the intermediate-exposure scenario. In addition, certain sections tended to be more polluted than others in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins. Risk assessment showed that PFOA and PFOS exposure via drinking water posed no health risk to Chinese residents, and that the average daily ingestion of drinking water of Chinese adolescents was below the suggested amount. |
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