| 青奥会前后南京PM2.5重金属污染水平与健康风险评估 |
| 摘要点击 3229 全文点击 1376 投稿时间：2015-06-08 修订日期：2015-08-15 |
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| 中文关键词 青奥会 PM2.5 重金属 污染水平 健康风险评估 |
| 英文关键词 Youth Olympic Games PM2.5 heavy metal pollution level health risk assessment |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 人类活动对大气环境的影响已成为人们关注的焦点. 于青年奥林匹克运动会(青奥会,Youth Olympic Games)召开前后(2014年4~9月)动态监测南京大气中PM2.5及其6种重金属质量浓度和污染特征,并分析其健康风险. 结果表明,观测期间PM2.5质量浓度变化范围为26.39~80.31 μg ·m-3,青奥会前的4、5和7月大气中PM2.5质量浓度均达到国家空气质量二级标准(24 h质量浓度限值75 μg ·m-3),青奥会期间达到国家空气质量一级标准(24 h质量浓度限值35 μg ·m-3). 青奥会结束后,空气污染出现反弹,大气PM2.5质量浓度平均值为76.14 μg ·m-3. 观测期间大气PM2.5中重金属离子质量浓度的变化特征并不一致,主成分分析表明,污染物源排放是影响PM2.5重金属离子质量浓度变化最重要因素. 青奥会期间PM2.5及重金属离子质量浓度均降至观测期间最低值,这与召开青奥会所采取的一系列政策干预减排措施发挥作用有关. PM2.5中Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb通过呼吸和皮肤暴露的健康风险值均在可接受水平范围内,而Cr存在较大的致癌风险; Mn通过呼吸暴露对成年男性造成较大的非致癌风险; 同时PM2.5中6种重金属通过皮肤暴露对儿童也造成较大非致癌风险. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The influence of human activities on the atmospheric environment has attracted people's attention. This study reported the dynamic changes in PM2.5concentration, its heavy metal compositions and health risk assessment from April to September, 2014 in Nanjing when the Youth Olympic Games (YOG) was held. The results showed that the mass levels of PM2.5 ranged from 26.39 to 80.31 μg ·m-3 from April to September. The mass levels of PM2.5met the level Ⅱ standard of ambient air quality in China (24 h average concentration, 75 μg ·m-3) in months of April, May and July while met the level Ⅰ standard (24 h average concentration, 35 μg ·m-3) in August during the YOG. The average mass concentration of PM2.5reached 76.14 μg ·m-1 after the YOG, showing resilience of air pollution. The variations of heavy metals were not consistent with each other throughout the observation period. Principal component analysis indicated that emission sources significantly affected the variations of PM2.5 and its heavy metals. PM2.5 and all of the heavy metals decreased to their minimum values during the YOG, indicating the effectiveness of those temporary measures for reducing atmospheric pollutant before and during the YOG. The health risks of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb in PM2.5 via breathing and dermal contact exposure were all within the acceptable ranges, but potential carcinogenic risk existed for Cr in PM2.5. There was potential non-carcinogenic health risk for adult males via breathing of Mn and greater non-carcinogenic health risk for children via dermal contact exposures to all these 6 heavy metals. |
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