| 基于GIS的天津市饮用水水质健康风险评价 |
| 摘要点击 2972 全文点击 1509 投稿时间：2015-04-17 修订日期：2015-07-10 |
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| 中文关键词 饮用水 健康 风险评价 地理信息系统 空间分布 |
| 英文关键词 drinking water health risk assessment geographic information system spatial distribution |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为评价天津市饮用水水质对人体健康的潜在危害,探索地理信息系统(GIS)在饮用水安全保障方面的应用,本研究采用美国环境保护署(US EPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型对天津市401个饮用水监测点的850份水样的水质检测结果进行健康风险评价,同时结合GIS进行信息可视化展示和风险因子探索. 结果表明,天津市饮用水水质致癌物健康风险、非致癌物健康风险和总健康风险分别为3.83×10-5、5.62×10-9和3.83×10-5. 按健康风险排序:致癌物 >非致癌物,致癌物的健康风险为市区 >新区 >郊区,铬(六价) >镉 >砷 >三氯甲烷 >四氯化碳,非致癌物的健康风险为郊区> 新区 >市区,氟化物> 氰化物> 铅> 硝酸盐. 天津市饮用水个人年健康总风险小于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受风险水平(5.0×10-5),但处于在US EPA推荐的可接受风险限值(1.0×10-4~1.0×10-6)之间,初步认为该市饮用水健康风险处于可接受水平,不会对人体产生明显的健康危害. 主要健康风险来源于致癌物. 致癌物应优先控制铬(六价),非致癌物应优先控制氟化物. GIS能较好地应用于饮用水健康风险评价信息的可视化和进一步的风险因子探索. |
| 英文摘要 |
| This study intends to assess the potential health hazards of drinking water quality and explore the application of geographic information system(GIS) in drinking water safety in Tianjin. Eight hundred and fifty water samples from 401 sampling points in Tianjin were measured according to the national drinking water standards. The risk assessment was conducted using the environmental health risk assessment model recommended by US EAP, and GIS was combined to explore the information visualization and risk factors simultaneously. The results showed that the health risks of carcinogens, non-carcinogens were 3.83×10-5, 5.62×10-9 and 3.83×10-5 for total health risk respectively. The rank of health risk was carcinogen>non-carcinogen. The rank of carcinogens health risk was urban>new area>rural area, chromium(Ⅵ) >cadmium >arsenic >trichlormethane >carbon tetrachloride. The rank of non-carcinogens health risk was rural area>new area>urban, fluoride>cyanide>lead>nitrate. The total health risk level of drinking water in Tianjin was lower than that of ICRP recommended level(5.0×10-5), while was between US EPA recommended level(1.0×10-4-1.0×10-6). It was at an acceptable level and would not cause obvious health hazards. The main health risks of drinking water came from carcinogens. More attentions should be paid to chromium(Ⅵ) for carcinogens and fluoride for non-carcinogens. GIS can accomplish information visualization of drinking water risk assessment and further explore of risk factors. |
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