| 接种纤维素降解菌对牛粪堆肥微生物群落的影响 |
| 摘要点击 2692 全文点击 2610 投稿时间：2010-11-23 修订日期：2011-01-17 |
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| 中文关键词 牛粪 堆肥 微生物群落 纤维素降解菌 变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE） |
| 英文关键词 cow dung compost microbial community cellulose-decomposing strain denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 以牛粪和稻草为堆肥原料，利用传统培养法和 PCR-DGGE 技术相结合对接种纤维素降解菌后堆肥的微生物群落的动态变化进行了分析.结果表明，接种菌堆肥与自然堆肥相比,微生物数量的变化趋势快于自然堆肥，接种菌在堆肥初期能够激发微生物增殖,快速启动堆肥发酵，缩短堆肥进程.接种菌堆肥比自然堆肥的DGGE凝胶图谱条带的差异性大，接种菌后,加快了微生物群落的演替速度.通过自然堆肥与接种菌堆肥的特异性条带序列比对发现，自然堆肥的前期检测到假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas sp.），高温期包含不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter sp.）、 黄杆菌（Flavobacteria）等细菌；接种菌堆肥高温期检测到Arthrobacter sp.（节杆菌属），在自然堆肥和接种菌堆肥的中后期均检测到了芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.).自然堆肥初期检测到艾美虫科真菌，在自然堆肥和接种菌堆肥的高温阶段均检测到曲霉属和嗜热真菌属为优势菌株，自然堆肥和接种菌堆肥的末期分别检测到子囊菌门 (Ascomycota)和担子菌类（Basidiomycetes），而在整个接种菌堆肥化过程，黑曲霉一直存在.接种菌堆肥细菌多样性指数高于自然堆肥，真菌多样性指数均低于自然堆肥.通过接种菌改变堆肥微生物的群落结构，以期为开展堆肥微生物群落功能多样性研究提供科学依据，也为进一步研究接种菌在堆肥物料降解机制中所发挥的重要作用奠定基础。 |
| 英文摘要 |
| Taking the cow dung and straw as composting raw materials, effect of cellulose-decomposing strain on microbial community of cow manure compost was investigated with the traditional culture method and PCR-DGGE technique. The results showed that the microbiological inocula showed a more rapid rate of temperature elevation at the start of composting and prolonged the time of high-temperature process and increased the number of microbial. The DGGE map of cellulose-decomposing strain compost was different from natural compost, the succession of microbial community in cellulose-decomposing strain was faster than natural compost. Sequence comparison revealed that the Pseudomonassp.of bacterial appeared at the initial stage and Acinetobacter sp.,Flavobacteria were existed at the high-temperature process in natural compost; while Arthrobacter sp. was appeared at the high-temperature process in cellulose-decomposing strain compost. Bacillus sp. was dominant species at middle and later stage in natural compost and cellulose-decomposing strain compost. Eimeriidae of fungal appeared in compost materials, Aspergillus and thermophilic fungi were dominant species at the high-temperature process in natural compost and cellulose-decomposing strain compost. Ascomycota appeared at middle and later stage in natural compost; while Basidiomycetes in cellulose-decomposing strain compost. Aspergillus was found throughout the process.This result suggested that the microbiological inocula were able to facilitate the bacterial microbial diversity of the compost; reduced the fungal microbial diversity of the compost. The aims of this study were to provide a scientific basis to the diversity of microbial community by monitoring the dynamics of microbial community in cellulose-decomposing strain compost and represent an important step towards the understanding of microbiological inocula and its function in the degradation process of compost. |
