| 长期施肥和耕作下紫色土坡耕地径流TN和TP流失特征 |
| 摘要点击 2461 全文点击 759 投稿时间：2020-09-22 修订日期：2020-11-17 |
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| 中文关键词 施肥 耕作 氮、磷流失 地表径流 紫色土 |
| 英文关键词 fertilization cultivation nitrogen and phosphorus loss surface runoff purple soil |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探究长期施肥和耕作对坡耕地径流率及随径流流失的氮、磷元素的影响，在紫色土坡耕地设置5个处理：顺坡耕作无施肥（CK）、顺坡耕作有机肥与化肥配施（T1）、顺坡耕作单施化肥（T2）、顺坡耕作单施化肥增量（T3）和横坡垄作单施化肥（T4），分析了2008~2019年间共104场侵蚀性降雨事件下，各处理的径流率，总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）流失浓度及其流失率的变化特征.结果表明，各施肥处理间径流率差异不显著（P>0.05），但均低于CK（P<0.05）.CK处理的TN流失浓度显著高于其他施肥处理（P<0.05），T2、T3和T4处理间TN流失浓度差异不显著（P>0.05），但均显著高于T1（P<0.05）.T1、T2和T3处理的TP流失浓度显著高于CK（P<0.05），但T4处理的TP流失浓度显著低于CK（P<0.05）.各施肥处理间TN流失率差异不显著（P>0.05），但均显著低于CK（P<0.05）；各顺坡耕作处理间TP流失率差异不显著（P>0.05），但均显著高于横坡耕作（P<0.05）.CK、T1及T2处理下，径流率与TN、TP流失浓度间的关系不显著，在T3处理下上述关系表现为显著的线性负相关（P<0.05），在T4处理下则为显著的线性正相关（P<0.05）.研究结果可为紫色土区坡耕地农业面源污染防治提供科学指导. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To elucidate the effects of long-term fertilization and cultivation on runoff rates and runoff-related nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses, the following five treatments were established on sloping purple soil cropland:① no fertilizer with downslope tillage (CK), ② combined application of manure and fertilizer with downslope tillage (T1), ③ chemical fertilizers with downslope tillage (T2), ④ chemical fertilizer with increasing fertilization with downslope tillage (T3), and ⑤ chemical fertilizer with contour tillage (T4). The runoff rate, runoff-related total N (TN), and total P (TP) concentrations and their loss rates from 104 erosive rainfall events were determined for the period 2008-2019. Results showed that although runoff rates were not significantly different among the fertilization treatments (P>0.05), runoff was markedly lower in fertilization treatments than in the CK treatment (P<0.05). Runoff-related TN concentrations were significantly higher in the CK compared to the fertilization treatments (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences among the T2, T3, and T4 treatments, which had higher concentrations than the T1 treatment. Runoff-related TP concentrations were significantly higher from the T1, T2, and T3 treatments than the CK treatment (P<0.05), and were significantly lower in the T4 than the CK treatment (P<0.05). TN loss rates were not significantly different among the fertilization treatments (P>0.05), but were all lower than the CK treatment (P<0.05). Furthermore, TP loss rates were not significantly different among the downslope treatments (P>0.05), but were all higher than the contour treatment (P<0.05). Runoff rates showed no significant relationships with TN and TP concentrations in the CK, T1, and T2 treatments but were significantly negatively linearly correlated in T3 (P<0.05) and significantly positively linearly correlated in T4 (P<0.05). These results potentially provide scientific guidance for the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution on sloping croplands in the purple soil area. |
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