| 土地利用变化对松花江下游湿地土壤真菌群落结构及功能的影响 |
| 摘要点击 3008 全文点击 701 投稿时间：2020-08-31 修订日期：2020-11-02 |
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| 中文关键词 松花江 湿地 土地利用类型 土壤真菌 群落结构 功能预测 |
| 英文关键词 Songhua River wetland land use type soil fungi community structure function prediction |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 本研究通过分析土地利用变化对沿江湿地土壤真菌群落结构与功能的影响，识别受损滨江湿地的自然恢复潜力，以期为松花江湿地资源管理和保护提供理论依据.于2018年7月，通过采集松花江下游自然湿地、水稻田、采砂迹地和恢复湿地的土壤，对土壤真菌ITS间隔区定向酶扩增，并使用Illumina MiSeq PE300二代高通量测序平台进行测序，分析不同类型样地土壤真菌群落组成和功能的差异及其影响因素.结果表明，沿江湿地开垦为稻田或进行采砂活动可造成土壤真菌α多样性指数显著降低（P<0.05），采砂迹地被修复为人工湿地后可显著提高土壤真菌Ace和Chao1指数（P<0.05）.稻田与其它3种土地利用类型的土壤真菌群落结构差异显著（P<0.05）.沿江湿地土壤真菌划分为16个菌门，子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）、被孢菌门（Mortierellomycota）和隐真菌门（Rozellomycota）为沿江湿地的主要真菌门类（相对丰度>1%）.自然湿地和恢复湿地的真菌功能群以外生菌根真菌为主，辅以苔藓寄生真菌、地衣寄生真菌和杜鹃花类菌根真菌，稻田和采砂迹地的主要功能菌群以凋落物腐生菌和土壤腐生菌为主.动植物病原菌群在稻田中的相对丰度显著高于其它样地（P<0.05）.土壤pH、总碳、有机碳、总氮和总磷是土壤真菌群落多样性的主要影响因子.由此可见，在自然湿地进行资源开发增加了潜在的生态风险，降低了生态系统稳定性. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The aim of this study was to provide a reference for wetland resource management and ecological restoration by analyzing the influence of land use changes on the soil fungal community and its function and to identify the potential natural restoration ability of degraded riverside wetlands in the Songhua River. In July 2018, soil fungi in a natural wetland, paddy field, sand mining slash, and restoration wetland along the downstream of the Songhua River were amplified by PCR. PCR products were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq PE300 high-throughput sequencing platform. The differences in the soil fungal community composition and function and its influencing factors were analyzed. The results showed that the α-diversity indexes of soil fungi were significantly reduced by sand mining or cultivation in the natural wetland (P<0.05). The ACE index and Chao1 index of soil fungi in the sand mining slash were significantly improved after the sand mining area was restored to a constructed wetland (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the soil fungal community structure between the paddy field and other land use types (P<0.05). The soil fungi in the riparian wetland could be divided into 16 phyla. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Rozellomycota were the dominant phyla (relative abundance>1%). Ectomycorrhizal was the main functional fungus in the natural wetland and restoration wetland with the supplementation of bryophyte parasites and lichen parasites. Litter saprotrophs and soil saprotrophs were the main functional groups of fungi in the paddy field and sand mining slash, and the relative abundances of animal pathogens and plant pathogens increased significantly in the paddy field. The diversity of the soil fungal community was significantly influenced by the soil pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus contents. Thus, resource development in the natural riparian wetlands reduced the ecosystem stability and increased the potential ecological risks. |
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