| 涡河流域中部地区地下水化学特征及其成因分析 |
| 摘要点击 2708 全文点击 704 投稿时间：2020-06-04 修订日期：2020-07-31 |
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| 中文关键词 涡河流域 地下水 水化学特征 水化学成因 形成机制 |
| 英文关键词 Guohe River basin groundwater hydrochemical characteristics hydrochemical origin formation mechanism |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 地下水是涡河流域中部地区重要的供水水源，但普遍面临着污染及水质异常等问题.本文在调查采样的基础上，综合运用数理统计、Piper三线图、Gibbs图和离子比值等方法对不同深度地下水的水化学特征及其形成机制进行分析和探讨.结果表明：①研究区地下水总体为弱碱性水，不同深度地下水中的优势阴、阳离子均为HCO3-和Na+.浅层地下水的水化学类型以HCO3-Ca·Mg和HCO3-Na·Mg型水为主，中层和深层均以HCO3·SO4·Cl-Na型水为主.②基于含水层沉积环境差异及水-岩作用强度不同，地下水化学成分出现明显的垂向差异.随着深度的增加，地下水中TDS、Na+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO42-和HCO3-平均质量浓度均呈现先增大后减小的趋势，Ca2+平均质量浓度呈逐渐降低趋势.③地下水水化学特征的形成受水-岩相互作用、阳离子交换作用和人类活动的共同影响，以水-岩作用为主.水-岩作用以含钠硅酸盐溶解作用为主.人类活动普遍对浅层地下水影响较大，对中层和深层地下水影响较小.④区内深层地下水水质明显优于浅层和中层地下水，为避免增加地面沉降及中层微咸水向深层淡水越流的风险，建议合理布局深层地下水开采井，并合理调控取水量. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Groundwater is an important water source in the central Guohe River basin but pollution and water quality deterioration present a significant challenge. Here, 80 groups of groundwater samples were collected between June and September 2019 including 61 groups of shallow groundwater samples, 9 groups of middle groundwater samples, and 10 groups of deep groundwater samples. The hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanisms of groundwater at these different depths were analyzed using statiatical techniques, Piper triangular diagrams, Gibbs figures, and ion ratios. The following results were noted:① Groundwater is weakly alkaline overall, and the dominant anion and cation at different depths were HCO3- and Na+. The shallow and deep groundwater mainly consist of fresh water while the middle groundwater is mainly brackish water. The hydrochemical typology of the shallow groundwater was mainly HCO3-Ca·Mg and HCO3-Na·Mg. HCO3·SO4·Cl-Na was found to be the dominant hydrochemical typology in the middle and deep groundwater. ② The chemical composition of the groundwater shows notable vertical variations. With depth, the mean mass concentrations of TDS, Na+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42-, and HCO3- first increase and then decreasing, while the mean mass concentration of Ca2+ gradually decreases. These vertical differences are closely related to the sedimentary environment of the aquifer and the intensity of water-rock interaction. ③ The formation of groundwater hydrochemical characteristics is influenced by water-rock interactions, cation exchange, and human activities, with water-rock interaction dominated by sodium silicate dissolution. Human activities generally have the greatest impact on the shallow groundwater. ④ The water quality of the deep groundwater is notably better than that of the shallow and middle groundwater. However, excessive exploitation of the deep groundwater resource has led to the formation of a regional groundwater funnel, enhancing the difference in middle and deep groundwater levels. To reduce the risk of ground subsidence and the contamination of the deep water with middle brackish water, deep groundwater exploitation wells should be carefully positioned and regulated. |
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