| 洛阳市秋冬季PM2.5中多环芳烃的污染特征、来源解析及健康风险评价 |
| 摘要点击 2735 全文点击 835 投稿时间：2020-06-24 修订日期：2020-07-31 |
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| 中文关键词 优良天 污染天 主成分分析 燃煤 增量终生致癌风险 |
| 英文关键词 clean days pollution days principal component analysis coal combustion incremental lifetime cancer risks |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 本研究于2018年10月4日至2019年1月30日在洛阳市高新和林校2个采样点位同步连续采集秋冬季PM2.5样品，使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）对PM2.5中优先控制的16种多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons，PAHs）进行了分析测定.对优良天和污染天PM2.5中16种PAHs的质量浓度和组成分布特征进行了研究，利用特征比值法和主成分分析法对其主要来源进行了定性解析，并使用苯并［a］芘（BaP）毒性当量法和增量终生致癌风险模型评估了对人体的健康风险.结果表明在采样期内，高新和林校两个采样点的PM2.5中16种PAHs质量浓度变化范围分别为24.33~90.26 ng·m-3和23.81~76.99 ng·m-3.随着PM2.5污染程度的加重，PAHs浓度明显升高（污染天为优良天的1.3倍），不同环数PAHs贡献顺序均为：4环（43%~48%） > 5~6环（32%~35%） > 2~3环（20%~22%）.大气中PAHs主要来自于燃烧源，包括燃煤、生物质燃烧以及机动车排放等，其中燃煤对PAHs污染贡献最大（优良天：49.28%~56.38%，污染天：49.44%~60.60%）.BaP毒性当量浓度表明，污染天存在更高的人体健康风险；增量终生致癌风险结果表明，污染天致癌风险高于优良天，成人呼吸暴露风险高于儿童，在研究区域内不同污染水平下健康风险属于可接受水平（<1×10-6）. |
| 英文摘要 |
| In this study, PM2.5 samples were collected synchronously at Gaoxin and Linxiao in Luoyang City during autumn and winter (4 October 2018 to 30 January 2019). Sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with fine particulate matter were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The concentrations and composition characteristics of the PAHs on clean and polluted days were studied. Diagnostic ratio analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to identify the emission sources of PM2.5-bound PAHs and the equivalent carcinogenic concentration of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) model were applied to evaluate health risks. During the sampling period, the concentrations of PAHs at Gaoxin and Linxiao ranged 24.33-90.26 ng·m-3 and 23.81-76.99 ng·m-3, respectively. With the increase in PM2.5 pollution, PAH concentrations increase significantly (the mean PAH concentration on polluted days was approximately 1.3 times higher than during clean days). PAH profiles at different polluting levels were similar; 4-ring PAHs (43%-48%) > 5-6 ring PAHs (32%-35%) > 2-3-ring PAHs (20%-22%). Diagnostic ratios and PCA demonstrated that PAHs in the study area were mainly derived from combustion sources including coal combustion, biomass burning, and motor vehicle emissions. The coal combustion was the main pollution source in the study area (clean days=49.28%-56.38%, polluted days=49.44%-60.60%). The results of the equivalent carcinogenic concentration of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and ILCR model revealed that the human health risk on polluted days was higher. Moreover, the cancer risks from adult exposure to PAHs were higher than those child exposure, which has an acceptable level of risk (<10-6). |
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