| 衡水湖沉积物营养盐形态分布特征及污染评价 |
| 摘要点击 2083 全文点击 866 投稿时间：2020-04-27 修订日期：2020-06-08 |
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| 中文关键词 衡水湖 沉积物 营养盐 特征分析 污染评价 |
| 英文关键词 Hengshui Lake sediment nutrients characteristic analysis pollution assessment |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 以衡水湖为研究对象，于2019年3月采集具有代表性的11个点位的表层沉积物，对衡水湖沉积物中碳、氮和磷营养盐进行形态分布特征分析.结果表明，衡水湖沉积物中有机质（TOC）含量为93.226 mg·g-1，其含量较高，导致潜在氮源释放风险可能较高.总氮（TN）含量为1.850 mg·g-1，属中度污染；氮形态含量及其占TN比依次为：残渣态氮（Res-N，0.973 mg·g-1，52.57%） > 弱酸可提取态氮（WAEF-N，0.531 mg·g-1，28.69%） > 强氧化剂可提取态氮（SOEF-N，0.208 mg·g-1，11.23%） > 离子交换态氮（IEF-N，0.088 mg·g-1，4.77%） > 强碱可提取态氮（SAEF-N，0.051 mg·g-1，2.75%），进一步表明衡水湖沉积物氮释放风险相对较高.总磷（TP）含量为1.020 mg·g-1，其中无机磷（IP）含量为0.839 mg·g-1，占TP含量的82.27%，属中度污染；磷形态含量及占IP比依次为：钙结合态磷（Ca-P，0.440 mg·g-1，52.44%） > 残渣磷（Res-P，0.200 mg·g-1，23.84%） > 可还原态磷和金属氧化物结合态磷（Fe-P和Al-P，0.169 mg·g-1，20.14%） > 弱吸附态磷（NH4Cl-P，0.030 mg·g-1，3.58%），总体而言，衡水湖沉积物磷释放风险相对较低.基于C/N、C/P和N/P特征分析表明，衡水湖沉积物中有机质主要是来自陆生禾本科和莎草科陆生高等植物，沉积物中磷主要受陆源输入的影响.相关性分析表明，衡水湖沉积物中碳、氮和磷之间相关性较弱，三者的来源可能不同；各形态磷之间的相关性强于各形态氮，可能表明各形态磷具有很好的同源性，而各形态氮来源多样且复杂.通过有机指数与有机氮评价湖区污染状况表明，衡水湖沉积物营养盐污染程度严重，达到Ⅳ级标准，建议对沉积物中氮潜在风险进行有效管控. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Considering Hengshui Lake as the research object, the representative surface sediments at eleven points were collected in March 2019, and the morphological distribution characteristics of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus nutrients in the lake sediments were analyzed. The results showed that the total organic carbon (TOC) content in Hengshui Lake sediments was 93.226 mg·g-1, which might lead to a higher risk of potential nitrogen source release. The total nitrogen (TN) content was 1.850 mg·g-1, which was a moderate pollution load; the contents of various nitrogen forms and the proportions in TN were Res-N (0.973 mg·g-1, 52.57%) > WAEF-N (0.531 mg·g-1, 28.69%) > SOEF-N (0.208 mg·g-1, 11.23%) > IEF-N 0.088 (mg·g-1, 4.77%) > SAEF-N (0.051 mg·g-1, 2.75%). These results further indicated that the risk of nitrogen release from sediments in Hengshui Lake was relatively high. The content of total phosphorus (TP) was 1.020 mg·g-1 and that of inorganic phosphorus (IP) was 0.839 mg·g-1, accounting for 82.27% of the TP content, which was a moderate pollution load; the average content of various phosphorus forms and the proportions in IP were Ca-P (0.440 mg·g-1, 52.44%) > Res-P (0.200 mg·g-1, 23.84%) > Fe-P and Al-P (0.169 mg·g-1, 20.14%) > NH4Cl-P (0.030 mg·g-1, 3.58%). In general, the risk of phosphorus release from sediments in Hengshui Lake was relatively low. The analysis of C/N, C/P, and N/P characteristics showed that the organic matter in Hengshui Lake sediments mainly originated from terrestrial grasses and sedge plants, and the phosphorus in the sediments was mainly affected by terrestrial input. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in Hengshui Lake sediment was weak, and the sources of the three nutrients might be different; the correlation between each form of phosphorus was stronger than that of each form of nitrogen, and each form of phosphorus had very good homology. The sources of various forms of nitrogen were diverse and complex. The pollution status of the lake area was evaluated by organic index and organic nitrogen. The results showed that the nutrient pollution in Hengshui Lake sediments was serious, reaching the Grade Ⅳ standard. The potential risk of nitrogen in sediments should be taken seriously and effectively controlled. |
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