| 稻油不同轮作模式对农田甲烷和氧化亚氮排放的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1581 全文点击 589 投稿时间：2020-02-17 修订日期：2020-04-29 |
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| 中文关键词 稻田 甲烷 氧化亚氮 轮作模式 温室气体排放强度 |
| 英文关键词 paddy field methane nitrous oxide rotation patterns greenhouse gas intensity |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 以南方稻区不同轮作模式为研究对象，采用静态箱-气相色谱法研究水稻-油菜轮作处理的甲烷（CH4）和氧化亚氮（N2O）排放特征，并估算稻田增温潜势（GWP）和温室气体排放强度（GHGI）.结果表明，双季稻田、一季中（晚）稻田、油菜地和休闲地CH4平均排放量分别为135.25，55.64、5.05和1.89 kg ·hm-2，稻季CH4排放占不同轮作周年CH4排放的91.8%~98.5%，稻田土壤水溶性有机碳与CH4排放呈显著正相关，常规晚稻稻田CH4排放比杂交晚稻高18.7%（P<0.05）；双季稻田、一季中（晚）稻田、油菜地和休闲地N2O平均排放量分别为0.94、0.64、1.38和0.24 kg ·hm-2，油菜地的N2O排放占周年排放的57.2%~70.2%，双季稻和一季稻处理的冬闲农田N2O排放占周年排放的17.8%和30.6%，杂交稻和常规稻稻田N2O排放无显著性差异；双季稻-冬闲和双季稻-油菜的GWP处理高于稻-油和稻-冬闲处理，稻季排放CH4的GWP占轮作周年GWP排放的71.2%~90.9%；GHGI以稻-稻-油菜最高，稻-油和稻-冬闲处理较低，综合环境效益和经济效益，建议南方稻区选择杂交晚稻-油菜的种植模式，有利于南方多熟制稻田的温室气体减排. |
| 英文摘要 |
| A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different rice-rape rotation systems on methane and nitrous oxide emissions, which were measured using the static chamber/gas chromatography method, prediction of their global warming potentials (GWP), and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) in paddy fields. The results showed that the average cumulative emissions of CH4from a double cropping paddy field, single season rice field (including middle or late), rape field, and leisure land were 135.25, 55.64, 5.05, and 1.89 kg ·hm-2, respectively. The CH4 emission during the rice season accounted for 91.8%-98.5% of the annual CH4 emission in different rotation years, and the contents of dissolved organic carbon in paddy soil exhibited a significantly positive correlation with CH4 emission. The CH4 emission in conventional late rice paddy was 18.7% higher than that of hybrid late rice paddy (P<0.05). The average cumulative emissions of N2O from double cropping paddy field, single season rice field (including middle or late), rape field, and leisure land were 0.94, 0.64, 1.38, and 0.24 kg ·hm-2, respectively. Out of the total annual N2O emission, 57.2% to 70.2% was from the rape field; 17.8% and 30.6% was due to the winter fallow treatments with previous crop type of double corpping rice and single season rice, respectively. There was no significant difference in N2O emission between hybrid rice and conventional rice paddy fields. The GWP of double cropping rice-winter fallow and double cropping rice-rape was higher than that of rice-rape and rice-winter fallow, and the GWP of CH4 in rice season accounted for 71.2% to 90.9% of the annual GWP of rotation. The highest treatment of GHGI was rice-rice-rape, and the treatment of rice-oil and rice-winter slack was lower. According to the comprehensive environmental and economic benefits, the late hybrid rice-rape patterns should be selected to reduce greenhouse gases in multiple cropping rice fields of South China. |
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