| 供水管网终端消毒副产物分布特征及预测模型 |
| 摘要点击 1396 全文点击 611 投稿时间：2020-01-06 修订日期：2020-02-13 |
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| 中文关键词 消毒副产物(DBPs) 供水管网终端 热水 预测模型 健康风险 |
| 英文关键词 disinfection by-products (DBPs) water supply terminal boiled water prediction model health risks |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 消毒副产物（disinfection by-products，DBPs）是影响饮用水水质的重要指标.以浙江省H市某区域供水点为调查目标，考察终端龙头水及加热器处理后饮用水中DBPs的含量特征，结合水质理化指标，初步确定管网终端DBPs预测模型，评估经口摄入的健康风险.结果表明，H市某供水点龙头水中共检出THMs、HANs和HAAs这3类共计10种DBPs.龙头水中目标DBPs检出率均为100%，THMs、HANs和HAAs质量浓度分别为10.12~28.39、0.98~5.19和2.65~7.83 μg·L-1；热水中TBM、TCAN和DBAN的检出率分别为46.43%、82.14%和92.86%，BCAN未检出，其它DBPs检出率为100%，THMs、HANs和HAAs质量浓度分别为0.60~12.58、0.02~0.52和2.42~5.86 μg·L-1.加热处理后THMs和HANs的含量有所降低，总量分别降低84.22%和91.45%，HAAs变化不明显.水质理化指标pH值和SUVA与DBPs呈正相关关系，余氯和氨氮与DBPs呈负相关关系.根据常规指标与DBPs相关性建立THMs多元线性预测模型，相对误差小于10.00%，准确度较高，可用于管网供水终端THMs的预测.基于美国环保署推荐的健康风险评价模型对经口摄取途径时氯消毒副产物的致癌和非致癌风险进行计算，发现H市龙头水和热水中DBPs通过饮水途径的致癌风险分别为（17.24~84.63）×10-6和（25.49~258.82）×10-7；非致癌风险分别为（4.17~50.32）×10-2和（6.52~107.74）×10-3.龙头水中BDCM对致癌风险的贡献率最大，而热水系统中TCM贡献率最大；龙头水及热水中非致癌风险主要来自于TCM.热水中THMs的削减量最高达到94.38%，致癌风险降低79.00%. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are defined as important parameters that can deteriorate drinking water quality. The investigation was performed at a laboratory located on a campus in H City of the Zhejiang province. The purpose of the work was to obtain knowledge on the occurrence of DBPs in tap water and boiled water taken from the same pipe, to establish a statistical model to predict DBPs information in tap water based on physicochemical parameters, and to evaluate carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks caused by DBPs on a predictional level. The results showed three categories of trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetonnitrile (HANs), and haloacetic acids (HAAs), including 10 species of disinfection by-products detected in drinking water. The detection rate of target DBPs in tap water was 100% and the concentrations varied in the ranges of 10.12-28.39, 0.98-5.19, and 2.65-7.83 μg·L-1, respectively. In boiled water, bromochloracetonitrile (BCAN) was not detected; the detection rates of tribromomethane(TBM), trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN), and dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN) were 46.43%, 82.14%, and 92.86%, respectively, while the detection rate for other DBPs was 100%. The concentrations of THMs, HANs, and HAAs were in the ranges of 0.60-12.58, 0.02-0.52, and 2.42-5.86 μg·L-1, respectively. After heating, the concentrations of THMs and HANs decreased by 84.22% and 91.45%, respectively. No obvious decrease was found for HAAs. The pH value and specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) had positive correlation with DBPs, whereas residual chlorine and ammonia nitrogen had negative correlation with DBPs. Based on the correlation between the physicochemical parameters and DBPs, a multiple linear regression prediction model of THMs was established, with deviation less than 10.00%, which can be used for the prediction of THMs in tap water. Based on the EPA recommended health risk assessment model, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of chlorine disinfection by-products through oral intake were calculated. It was found that the carcinogenic risks caused by the disinfection by-products in the tap and boiled water were (17.24-84.63)×10-6 and (25.49-258.82)×10-7, respectively, and the non-carcinogenic risks were (4.17-50.32)×10-2 and (6.52-107.74)×10-3, respectively. The carcinogenic risk caused mainly by THMs and bromodicloromethane (BDCM) contributed the highest cancer risk in tap water, while for boiled water, trichloromethane (TCM) was found to contribute the highest cancer and non-carcinogenic risk. In boiled water, the reduction of THMs was up to 94.38%, and the cancer risk was reduced by 79.00%. |
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