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扬州市不同功能区表层土壤中多环芳烃的含量、来源及其生态风险
摘要点击 2105  全文点击 655  投稿时间:2019-09-08  修订日期:2019-11-04
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中文关键词  多环芳烃(PAHs)  功能区  土壤  来源  生态风险
英文关键词  Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs)  functional zone  soil  source  ecological risk
作者单位E-mail
姚成 福建师范大学地理科学学院, 福州 350007
福建师范大学地理研究所, 福州 350007 
1161033939@qq.com 
倪进治 福建师范大学地理研究所, 福州 350007
福建师范大学福建省植物生理生态重点实验室, 福州 350007 
nijz@fjnu.edu.cn 
刘瑞 福建师范大学地理科学学院, 福州 350007
福建师范大学地理研究所, 福州 350007 
 
杨柳明 福建师范大学地理科学学院, 福州 350007
福建师范大学地理研究所, 福州 350007 
 
陈卫锋 福建师范大学地理研究所, 福州 350007
福建师范大学福建省植物生理生态重点实验室, 福州 350007 
 
魏然 福建师范大学地理科学学院, 福州 350007
福建师范大学福建省植物生理生态重点实验室, 福州 350007 
 
中文摘要
      对扬州市6个不同功能区(公园、菜地、文教区、居民区、加油站和工业区)共59个表层土壤样品(0~10 cm)中15种美国环境保护署优控的多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量和来源进行了分析,并利用苯并[a]芘(BaP)毒性当量浓度(TEQBaP)评价了土壤中PAHs的生态风险.结果表明,扬州市土壤中Σ15PAHs总量范围为21~36118 μg·kg-1,中值为295 μg·kg-1,PAHs组成中以4~6环为主.不同功能区Σ15PAHs总量平均值高低顺序为工业区 > 加油站 > 文教区 > 菜地 > 居民区 > 公园.相关性分析表明,整个扬州市土壤中Σ15PAHs总量与土壤总有机碳(TOC)(P<0.05)和黑碳(BC)(P<0.01)含量都呈显著性正相关,但除了加油站土壤中Σ15PAHs总量与BC含量呈显著性正相关(P<0.01)外,不同功能区土壤中Σ15PAHs总量与TOC、BC含量都无显著相关性.特征比值法结果表明,不同功能区土壤中PAHs来源虽有些差异,但都主要来源于石油泄漏以及石油、煤和生物质等的燃烧.扬州市土壤中15种PAHs总TEQBaP值的范围是2~4448 μg·kg-1.以荷兰土壤环境标准中的10种PAHs总TEQBaP值33 μg·kg-1为标准,扬州市有45.8%的土样超标,各功能区点位超标率高低顺序为工业区(70%) > 加油站(60%) > 文教区(55.6%) > 菜地(50.0%) > 居民区(30%) > 公园(10%).因此,扬州市不同功能区中都有部分表层土壤存在潜在的生态风险,工业区和加油站风险相对较高,而居民区和公园风险相对较低.
英文摘要
      The contents and sources of 15 US EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in 59 surface soil samples (0-10 cm depth) collected from six functional zones, including cultural and educational area, park, residential area, vegetable garden, gas station, and industrial area, in Yangzhou City. The toxicity equivalent content of benzo[a]pyrene (TEQBaP) was adopted to assess PAH risks in soils. The results showed that the contents of Σ15PAHs in soil samples ranged from 21 to 36118 μg·kg-1, with a median value of 295 μg·kg-1. The composition of PAHs was dominated by 4-6 ring PAHs. The average contents of Σ15PAHs in various functional zones in Yangzhou City was in the order of industrial area > gas station > cultural and educational area > vegetable garden > residential area > park. Correlation analysis showed that the contents of Σ15PAHs were significantly positively correlated with the contents of both TOC (P<0.05) and BC (P<0.01) in soil samples from whole Yangzhou City. However, the contents of Σ15PAHs had no significant correlations with the contents of both TOC and BC in soil samples within each functional zone except gas station, in which the contents of Σ15PAHs had a significant correlation with those of BC (P<0.01). The results of PAH ratios showed that the sources of PAHs in soils of various functional zones were mainly from oil leakage and the combustion of oil, coal, and biomass, although there were some differences among them. The values of ΣTEQBaP of 15 PAHs ranged from 2 to 4448 μg·kg-1 in the soil samples of Yangzhou City. According to the standard value of 33 μg·kg-1 of ΣTEQBaP for 10 PAHs in the soil environmental standard of Netherland, 45.8% of soil samples exceeded the standard in Yangzhou City. The percentages of soil samples exceeding the standard of various functional zones in Yangzhou City were in the order of industrial area (70%) > gas station (60%) > cultural and educational area (55.6%) > vegetable garden (50.0%) > residential area (30%) > park (10%). Hence, in all the functional zones of Yangzhou City, there were some soil samples with potential ecological risks, which was relatively higher in industrial area and gas station, and relatively lower in residential area and park.

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