| 黄土高原地区两种土地利用方式CO2和N2O排放特征 |
| 摘要点击 1693 全文点击 591 投稿时间：2019-04-22 修订日期：2019-06-15 |
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| 中文关键词 土地利用方式 二氧化碳 氧化亚氮 土壤养分 综合温室效应 |
| 英文关键词 land use patterns carbon dioxide nitrous oxide soil nutrient global warming potential |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探究黄土高原地区两种不同土地利用方式下二氧化碳（CO2）和氧化亚氮（NN2O）的排放特征，在长武黄土高原农业生态试验站，分别以15 a树龄的果园和麦田为研究对象，采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对土壤CO2和NN2O的排放进行了周年（2017年7月~2018年7月）田间原位观测.试验共设置果园施肥（AF）、果园对照（ACK）、小麦施肥（WF）和小麦对照（WCK）这4个处理.结果表明，土壤CO2和NN2O排放随季节变化明显，降雨和施肥后均出现明显排放峰.AF处理的CO2和NN2O累积排放量比WF处理高7.14%和461.4%.但ACK的CO2累积排放量比WCK低10.41%，而NN2O的累计排放量比WCK高109.5%.果园NN2O的排放通量与表层土壤温度、水分显著正相关（P<0.01），果园和麦田的CO2排放通量均与表层土壤温度显著正相关（P<0.05），而与表层土壤水分相关性不显著.因此，田间管理和环境因素综合影响土壤CO2和NN2O排放，施肥量和土壤水热是造成两种土地利用方式CO2和NN2O的排放特征和温室效应差异的主要因素. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To evaluate the emission characteristics of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in the Loess Plateau, a field in situ study was conducted from July 2017 to July 2018 under two land-use types (15 year old apple orchard and wheat field) using static chamber-gas chromatographic techniques. Four treatments were conducted in this experiment as follows:apple orchard with fertilization (AF), apple orchard without fertilization (ACK), wheat field with fertilization (WF), and wheat field without fertilization (WCK). The results showed that CO2 and N2O emissions varied significantly with the season, and the emission peaks appeared after rainfall and fertilization. The cumulative amount of CO2 and N2O emissions from the AF treatment were 7.14% and 461.4% higher than that of the WF treatment, respectively. However, the cumulative amount of CO2 emissions under the ACK treatment was 10.41% lower than that of the WCK treatment, whereas the cumulative amount of N2O emissions was 109.5% higher than that of the WCK treatment. The N2O emission flux from the orchard was significantly positively correlated with soil temperature and moisture (P<0.01). The CO2 emission fluxes from the orchard and wheat field were significantly positively correlated with topsoil temperature (P<0.05) but were not correlated with topsoil moisture. Thus, the combination of field management and environmental factors affected soil CO2 and N2O emissions. The fertilizer regime and soil hydrothermal conditions were the main factors influencing the characteristics of CO2 and N2O emissions under different land-use types. |
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