| 东北区域空气质量时空分布特征及重度污染成因分析 |
| 摘要点击 2094 全文点击 732 投稿时间：2018-07-19 修订日期：2019-06-14 |
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| 中文关键词 PM10 PM2.5 中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS) 云-气溶胶激光雷达与红外探路者卫星观测(CALIPSO) 农业活动 燃料消耗 气溶胶光学厚度(AOD) |
| 英文关键词 PM10 PM2.5 moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) cloud-aerosol lidar and infrared pathfinder satellite observation(CALIPSO) agricultural activity coal burning aerosol optical depth(AOD) |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 陈卫卫 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 湿地生态与环境重点实验室, 长春 130102 | chenweiwei@iga.ac.cn | | 刘阳 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 湿地生态与环境重点实验室, 长春 130102 | | | 吴雪伟 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 湿地生态与环境重点实验室, 长春 130102
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 | | | 鲍秋阳 | 吉林省环境科学研究院, 长春 130012 | | | 高枞亭 | 吉林省气象科学研究所, 长白山气象与气候变化吉林省重点实验室, 长春 130062 | | | 张学磊 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 湿地生态与环境重点实验室, 长春 130102 | | | 赵红梅 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 湿地生态与环境重点实验室, 长春 130102 | | | 张世春 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 湿地生态与环境重点实验室, 长春 130102 | | | 修艾军 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 湿地生态与环境重点实验室, 长春 130102 | | | 程天海 | 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所, 北京 100049 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 东北已成为我国又一个霾污染多发和重发区域.采用2013~2017年东北区域大气污染物地面监测数据、卫星数据和气象数据等信息，探讨了中国东北地区空气质量时空分布特征与重度污染成因.结果表明，"沈阳-长春-哈尔滨"带状城市群是全年污染最严重的区域，空气质量指数（AQI）的空间分布具有明显的季节性，冬季污染最严重，春季吉林省西部周围为椭圆形污染区，夏季和秋季大部分时间空气质量最佳.3个典型的霾污染时期是10月下旬和11月上旬（即秋末和初冬，时期一），12月下旬和1月（即冬季最冷的时候，时期二），及4月到5月中旬（即春季沙尘和农业耕作期）.时期一，季节性作物残茬焚烧和冬季采暖用煤燃烧产生的PM2.5强排放是极端霾事件发生的主要原因（AQI>300）；时期二，在最严寒月份里，重度霾污染事件（200 < AQI < 300），主要由燃煤和汽车燃料消耗的PM2.5排放量高，大气边界层较低，以及大气扩散性差等共同引起；时期三，春季PM10浓度较高，主要是由内蒙古中部退化草原的风沙和吉林省西部裸地的区域性扬尘传输造成的.同时，当地农业耕作本身也释放PM10，并提升了裸土的人为源矿物尘的排放强度. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Northeastern China experiences severe atmospheric pollution, with an increasing occurrence of heavy haze episodes. Based on ground monitoring data, satellite products and meteorological products of atmospheric pollutants in northeast China from 2013 to 2017, the characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution of air quality and the causes of heavy haze events in northeast China were discussed. It was found that the "Shenyang-Changchun-Harbin" city belt was the most polluted area in the region on an annual scale. The spatial distribution of air quality index (AQI) values had a clear seasonality, with the worst pollution occurring in winter, an approximately oval-shaped polluted area around western Jilin Province in spring, and the best air quality occurring in summer and most of autumn. The three periods that typically experienced intense haze events were Period I from late-October to early-November (i. e., late autumn and early winter), Period Ⅱ from late-December to January (i. e., the coldest time in winter), and Period Ⅲ from April to mid-May (i. e., spring). During Period I, strong PM2.5 emissions from seasonal crop residue burning and coal burning for winter heating were the dominant reasons for the occurrence of extreme haze events (AQI>300). Period Ⅱ had frequent heavy haze events (200 < AQI < 300) in the coldest months of January and February(200 < AQI < 300), which were due to high PM2.5 emissions from coal burning and vehicle fuel consumption, a lower atmospheric boundary layer, and stagnant atmospheric conditions. Haze events in Period Ⅲ, with high PM10 concentrations, were primarily caused by the regional transportation of windblown dust from degraded grassland in central Inner Mongolia and bare soil in western Jilin Province. Local agricultural tilling could also release PM10 and enhance the levels of windblown dust from tilled soil. |
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