| 轻型汽油车尾气OC和EC排放因子实测研究 |
| 摘要点击 2346 全文点击 915 投稿时间：2017-12-26 修订日期：2018-01-11 |
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| 中文关键词 机动车排放 轻型汽油车 碳质组分 排放因子 底盘测功机 |
| 英文关键词 vehicle emissions light-duty gasoline vehicle carbonaceous components emission factor dynamometer chassis |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 选取27辆国3~国5轻型汽油车采用实验室底盘测功机和全流稀释定容采样系统（CVS）开展了尾气颗粒物中有机碳（OC）和无机碳（EC）组分的排放因子实测，分析了启动条件、行驶工况和喷油方式对轻型汽油车OC和EC排放的影响.结果表明，国3~国5轻型汽油车OC平均排放因子分别为（2.09±1.03）、（1.59±0.78）和（0.75±0.31） mg·km-1，EC平均排放因子分别为（1.98±1.42）、（1.57±1.80）和（0.65±0.49） mg·km-1，二者均随排放标准的提升呈显著下降趋势，OC/EC值分别为1.54±0.92、1.53±0.91以及1.47±0.66.OC1、OC2以及EC1和EC2是轻型汽油车排放的最主要碳质组分，分别占15.0%、20.6%、22.2%和21.7%.冷启动条件下轻型汽油车OC和EC排放约为热启动的1.4和1.8倍；高速工况下轻型汽油车OC和EC排放因子约为城区工况的2倍和4倍；缸内直喷（GDI）发动机的OC排放因子与进气道喷射（PFI）发动机接近，但EC排放因子约是后者的1.7倍，随着我国轻型汽油车中GDI发动机日渐普及，其EC排放应当引起密切关注. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) emission factors from 27 State 3-5 light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) were tested in this study using a CVS (Constant Volume Sampling) system on a dynamometer. The influences of start conditions, driving cycles, and fuel injection technologies on the OC and EC emissions were analyzed. The results show that the OC emission factors of the tested State 3 to 5 LDGVs were (2.09±1.03), (1.59±0.78), and (0.75±0.31) mg·km-1, respectively, and the EC emission factors were (1.98±1.42), (1.57±1.80), and (0.65±0.49) mg·km-1. Both OC and EC emissions significantly decreased with the promotion of emission standards. The OC/EC ratios were 1.54±0.92, 1.53±0.91, and 1.47±0.66, respectively. OC1, OC2, EC1, and EC2 were the most important carbonaceous components from LDGVs, accounting for 15%, 20.6%, 22.2%, and 21.7%, respectively. OC and EC emission factors under cold-start conditions were 1.4 and 1.8 times those under hot-start conditions. OC and EC emission factors for highway cycles were 2 and 4 times those for urban cycles. OC emission factors from GDI (Gasoline Direct Injection) engines were close to those from PFI (Port Fuel Injection) engines. However, their EC emission factors were 1.7 times those from PFI engines. With the increasing popularity of GDI engines in LDGV fleets in China, the EC emissions from these engines should be paid more attention in the future. |
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