| 民用燃煤排放分级颗粒物中重金属排放因子 |
| 摘要点击 2376 全文点击 839 投稿时间：2017-07-09 修订日期：2017-09-14 |
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| 中文关键词 民用煤燃烧 颗粒物 重金属 排放因子 粒径分布 |
| 英文关键词 residential coal burning particle matters heavy metal emission factor size distribution |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 严沁 | 南京信息工程大学, 中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室, 气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 南京 210044 | yanqinatmos@gmail.com | | 孔少飞 | 南京信息工程大学, 中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室, 气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 南京 210044
中国地质大学(武汉), 环境学院大气科学系, 武汉 430074 | kongshaofei@126.com | | 刘海彪 | 南京信息工程大学, 中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室, 气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 南京 210044 | | | 王伟 | 南京信息工程大学, 中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室, 气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 南京 210044 | | | 吴剑 | 中国地质大学(武汉), 环境学院大气科学系, 武汉 430074 | | | 郑明明 | 中国地质大学(武汉), 环境学院大气科学系, 武汉 430074 | | | 郑淑睿 | 中国地质大学(武汉), 环境学院大气科学系, 武汉 430074 | | | 杨国威 | 中国地质大学(武汉), 环境学院大气科学系, 武汉 430074 | | | 吴方琪 | 中国地质大学(武汉), 环境学院大气科学系, 武汉 430074 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 基于室内模拟燃烧和稀释通道采样，采用FA-3型9级撞击采样器采集了3种蜂窝煤（考虑明烧和闷烧）和4种块煤燃烧排放的不同粒径颗粒物，并分析其中V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sb和Pb等11种重金属含量，计算得到分级颗粒中重金属的排放因子.结果如下：①Zn和Pb是民用煤燃烧排放颗粒物中主要的重金属成分，4种块煤燃烧排放Zn和Pb共占重金属总量的53.16%~65.76%；3蜂窝煤明烧排放Zn和Pb所占重金属含量最高可达96.08%（0.43 μm）；蜂窝煤闷烧使得Ni排放因子大幅度增加，Ni成为主要成分之一，共占重金属总量30.70%~52.36%.因此燃烧方式影响颗粒物中重金属组分含量.②蜂窝煤明烧与块煤重金属排放因子最高的粒径段都分布在1.1 μm以下，而蜂窝煤闷烧排放的重金属则主要分布在5.8~10 μm粒径段，因此在低温闷烧燃烧方式下，重金属多富集于粗颗粒物上，而在高温明烧状态下重金属多富集于细颗粒物上.③根据重金属富集粒径段的不同，可以将11种重金属分为三类，各自对应的峰值粒径段分别为5.8~10 μm（As和V），1.1~2.1 μm（Cr、Mn、Cu、Ni和Co）和 ≤ 0.43 μm（Pb、Sb、Cd和Zn），其中第二类元素均属于第四周期过渡金属元素，表现出相似的燃烧释放特征.④蜂窝煤使用会降低颗粒物的排放，但添加剂、氧化剂、黏合剂等的使用，在不同燃烧条件下，使颗粒物富集不同有毒物质，因此蜂窝煤可能不利于某些重金属的减排，蜂窝煤对多污染物的减排效果（尤其重金属）有待系统评估. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Based on a dilution sampling system and domestic burning tests, size-segregated particles emitted from burning of three kinds of honeycomb coals (in view of flaming and smoldering burning conditions) and four kinds of raw coals, were collected by cascade impactors (FA-3). The contents of V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, and Pb were analyzed to get their emission factors (EFs) in different particle size fractions. Results indicated that:① Zn and Pb dominated the emitted mass of heavy metals from chunk (53.16%-65.76%) and honeycomb (96.08% in 0.43 μm) during the flaming combustion condition. However, the emission of Ni was increased from 30.70% to 52.36% in the smoldering condition. Thus, combustion condition may affect the composition of heavy metals in particle matters. ② In the flaming condition, both chunk and honeycomb emission factors of heavy metals were concentrated under 1.1 μm, while the larger sized particles in the range of 5.8-10 μm were distributed. So, heavy metal components may shift to the larger size of the particles at lower combustion temperatures. ③ Fine particle matters(PM) was divided into three categories based on the size distribution of 11 kinds of heavy metal emission factors. The maximum emission values of As and V fell under the PM size category of 5.8-10 μm. The fourth cycle transition metal elements, such as Cr, Mn, Cu, Ni, and Co, fell in the range of 1.1-2.1 μm and these elements represented similar emission characteristic features. Other elements, such as Pb, Sb, Cd, and Zn, were concentrated in sizes less than 0.43 μm. ④ The additive in the honeycomb during the process may import several kinds of heavy metals and may change the combustion temperature, which remodels the mechanism of heavy metal emission. Thus, honeycomb coal may emit different heavy metals under different combustion conditions.The heavy metal emission mechanism during honeycomb coal combustion needs further investigation and the emission reduction effects (especially of heavy metals) needs to be re-estimated. |
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