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烟花爆竹集中燃放的大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)成分图谱
摘要点击 2504  全文点击 850  投稿时间:2017-05-16  修订日期:2017-09-15
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中文关键词  泉州  大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)  单颗粒气溶胶飞行时间质谱仪(SPAMS)  烟花爆竹  污染源
英文关键词  Quanzhou  atmospheric fine particles (PM2.5)  single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS)  fireworks  pollution sources
作者单位E-mail
谢瑞加 泉州市环境监测站, 泉州 362000 30617603@qq.com 
侯红霞 广州禾信仪器股份有限公司, 广州 510530  
陈永山 泉州师范学院资源与环境科学学院, 泉州 362000 yshchen421@163.com 
中文摘要
      烟花爆竹燃放是大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)来源的途径之一.以泉州城区春节期间为例,研究烟花爆竹燃放对大气细颗粒物的影响,服务大气污染的特殊污染源管理.结果表明,烟花爆竹集中燃放时段,SO2、PM10和PM2.5浓度明显升高,尤以PM2.5的升高最为显著,城区PM2.5日均浓度峰值约为年均值的4倍,涂山街点位PM2.5小时浓度峰值约为城区年均值的21倍;燃放高峰期Al、Mg、Ba、Cu、Sr等烟花爆竹的特征元素占比迅速上升,Al+、Mg+、Ba+、Cu+间的小时数浓度高度相关;监测期间泉州城区细颗粒物主要污染源是烟花爆竹燃放和生物质燃烧,贡献占总颗粒物的一半以上,燃煤和工业工艺源的比例相对较低,均低于10.0%;集中燃放时段大气细颗粒物浓度高达0.578 mg·m-3,此时的烟花源的贡献比例也提升到58.2%;污染过程分析表明PM2.5浓度与烟花源的占比、数浓度的变化趋势具有趋同性.以上结果说明烟花爆竹的集中燃放是春节期间泉州大气环境恶化的主要原因.
英文摘要
      Burning fireworks is one of the sources of atmospheric fine particles (PM2.5). The Chinese Spring Festival in Quanzhou City was taken as an example to study the effects of burning fireworks on the occurrence of PM2.5, and provide information on protection against air pollution caused by special pollution sources. The results showed that the concentrations of SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 increased appreciably, and the concentration of PM2.5 increased most significantly during the fireworks burning period. The peak daily average concentration in the urban area was about 4 times the annual average concentration in the urban area. The peak value of the hourly average concentration of PM2.5 in the Tushan Street station was about 21 times the annual average concentration in the urban area. At the peak of the discharge, the ratios of the characteristic elements of fireworks, such as Al, Mg, Ba, Cu, and Sr, increased rapidly, and the hourly number concentrations of Al+, Mg+, Ba+, and Cu+ were highly correlated. During the monitoring period, the main pollution sources of fine particles in Quanzhou City were fireworks and biomass burning, which accounted for more than half of the total particulate matter. The proportion of pollutants originating from coal-based and industrial process sources were relatively low, and both of them accounted for less than 10.0% of the particulate matter. The concentration of PM2.5 was up to 0.578 mg·m-3 during the fireworks burning period, the rate of contribution by fireworks increased to 58.2%. Analysis of the pollution process showed that the changes in the concentration of PM2.5 have a similar trend with the number concentration and the ratio of fireworks burning. The results indicated that the main reason of the deterioration of the atmospheric environment during the Chinese Spring Festival in Quanzhou is the centralized discharging of fireworks.

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