| 安徽某铁矿排土场废矿石中产酸微生物群落 |
| 摘要点击 2034 全文点击 690 投稿时间：2017-04-06 修订日期：2017-05-18 |
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| 中文关键词 酸性矿山废水 废矿石 嗜酸菌 产酸群落 高通量测序 |
| 英文关键词 acid mine drainage waste ore acidophilic bacteria acid-generating microbial communities high-throughput sequencing |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 杜泽瑞 | 中国地质大学(北京), 水资源与环境学院, 北京 100083
北京市环境保护监测中心, 北京 100048 | hdcq1989@163.com | | 郝春博 | 中国地质大学(北京), 水资源与环境学院, 北京 100083 | chunbohao@cugb.edu.cn | | 裴理鑫 | 中国地质大学(北京), 水资源与环境学院, 北京 100083 | | | 卫朋飞 | 中国地质大学(北京), 水资源与环境学院, 北京 100083 | | | 张壹 | 中国地质大学(北京), 水资源与环境学院, 北京 100083 | | | 鲁艳春 | 中国地质大学(北京), 水资源与环境学院, 北京 100083 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 安徽某铁矿排土场是该铁矿主要的废矿石堆放地.这些露天堆放的废矿石经过长期的氧化，于20世纪70年代在排土场中央形成了一个大型酸水库.此外，在该酸水库周边还存在一些近年形成的小范围酸性矿山废水（acid mine drainage，AMD）.为研究该区域废矿石的产酸潜力及产酸微生物群落，采集了酸水库周边长期堆放的废矿石以及两处新形成AMD周边的废矿石样品共6个，分别为酸水库边1号位裸露1LL，新形成的AMD 5号位旁5J、5Y，6号位旁6-1、6-2和6-3.物化分析表明6个样品酸性均很强，样品1LL的pH最高，也仅为2.77，而其他5个样品的pH均在2.60以下. 1LL的电导率为0.32 mS·cm-1，5号和6号位样品的电导率则高达2.25~7.08 mS·cm-1，证明其中含有更高浓度的阴阳离子. 1LL中Fe2+的含量为0.80mg·kg-1，而其它几个样品的含量则为2.91~33.40mg·kg-1，证明1号的样品经过长期的风化，Fe2+基本上已被氧化成Fe3+. 16S rRNA基因高通量测序表明，5号位和6号位样品中的嗜酸菌主要属于γ-Proteobacteria、Firmicutes、Nitrospira. 1号位样品中的嗜酸菌主要属于Actinobacteria、Acidobacteria、Chloroflexi. 5号位和6号位样品含有大量的铁硫氧化菌，如Sulfobacillus、Leptospirillum、Acidithiobacillus，证明其中发生着旺盛的产酸过程；而1号位样品1LL微生物群落相对复杂，但基本不存在铁硫氧化菌，原因可能是酸水库周边长期堆放样品中的铁和硫都已经氧化殆尽，基本上不再产酸.统计学分析结果表明，1号位样品1LL与另外5个样品微生物组成存在明显差异，说明不同物化条件对微生物群落结构有决定性影响. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The waste dump of an iron mine in Anhui Province has been abandoned for several decades. Pyrite in the exposed waste ores is oxidized by acidophiles and large amounts of metal ions and H2SO4 are released, resulting in the formation of an acid mine drainage (AMD) lake since 1970s. Besides the lake, there are also some small-scale AMD adjacent to the newly deposited waste ore. In order to study the acid generation potential of the waste ore and the related microbial communities, soil samples were taken from beside the AMD lake (1LL) and small-scale AMD (5J, 5Y, 6-1, 6-2, 6-3) and the physicochemical properties and microbial community of these samples were analyzed. The results reveal that all of samples were highly acidic and the pH of the 1LL sample was 2.77, while the other samples were even more acidic, at less than 2.6. The electrical conductivity (EC) (0.32 mS·cm-1) of the 1LL sample was obviously lower than the other samples (2.25-7.08 mS·cm-1), which indicates that the newly deposited waste ore contains higher ion concentrations. The Fe2+ concentration of the 1LL sample was only 0.80 mg·kg-1 but the other five samples were as high as 2.91-33.40 mg·kg-1. This suggests that most of the Fe2+ in the 1LL sample has been converted to Fe3+ after long-term oxidization. High-throughput sequencing results showed that most acidophiles in 1LL sample were Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi but the microbes in the remaining five samples were γ-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Nitrospira. The iron-sulfur oxidizing bacteria, such as Sulfobacillus, Leptospirillum, Acidithiobacillus, were scarce in the 1LL sample, while they highly abundant in the other five samples, which proves that the acid-generation process of the newly deposited waste ore is strong. However, the reduced iron and sulfur in the 1LL sample has nearly been depleted. Statistical analysis shows that the microbial composition of the 1LL sample is significantly different to that of the five newly deposited samples, illustrating that microbial community composition is remarkably influenced by physicochemical conditions. |
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