| 潍坊滨海经济技术开发区饮用水中有机磷酸酯的水平及人体暴露风险评估 |
| 摘要点击 2088 全文点击 717 投稿时间：2017-03-20 修订日期：2017-04-19 |
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| 中文关键词 有机磷酸酯 饮用水 暴露风险评估 非致癌性风险 致癌性风险 |
| 英文关键词 organophosphate esters drinking water exposure risk assessment non-cancer risk carcinogenic risk |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 采用固相萃取-气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用法（SPE-GC-MS/MS）分析了潍坊滨海经济技术开发区饮用水中的6种有机磷酸酯（organophosphate esters，OPEs）的浓度水平及组成特征，并分析了潍坊滨海经济技术开发区饮用水和当地居民混合血清中OPEs的相关性.采用美国环保署（US EPA）推荐的健康风险评价模型，评价了潍坊滨海经济技术开发区饮用水中OPEs的健康风险.结果表明，自来水样品中∑6OPEs浓度水平为162~253 ng·L-1，而地下水中∑6OPEs的浓度水平为3.52~13.9 ng·L-1，比自来水低两个数量级.自来水中磷酸三（2-氯）乙酯[tris（2-chloroethyl）phosphate，TCEP]的浓度水平最高，占∑6OPEs的94.81%，地下水中含量最高的OPEs为磷酸三苯酯（triphenyl phosphate，TPhP），占∑6OPEs的47.55%.2011年采集的潍坊滨海经济技术开发区居民混合血清中OPEs的分布与自来水中OPEs的分布间显著正相关（r=0.990，P<0.01），2015年采集的居民混合血清中OPEs的分布与自来水中OPEs的分布间也显著正相关（r=0.997，P<0.01），表明饮用水中的OPEs可能对人体血清中OPEs的污染水平有重要的贡献.不同人群通过饮用水摄入OPEs的日均暴露剂量（DI）为0.26~7.48 ng·（kg·d）-1，饮用水中各OPEs的非致癌性风险危害商（HQ）在10-5.81~10-2.43之间，通过饮用水摄入的OPEs非致癌性风险处于较低的水平.通过饮用水摄入的TCEP致癌性风险（Risk）在10-8.82~10-6.79之间，低于理论风险阈值（Risk=10-6.00），但自来水中TCEP的致癌性风险相对高于地下水. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Concentrations and composition of six organophosphate esters (OPEs) in drinking water in the Weifang Binhai Economic-Technological Development Area were detected by solid phase extraction-gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (SPE-GC-MS/MS). The correlations of OPEs in drinking water and pooled serum samples from the Weifang Binhai Economic-Technological Development Area were analyzed. The health risk posed by OPEs in drinking water was evaluated using the health risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The results showed that ∑6OPEs concentrations in the tap water samples ranged from 162-253 ng·L-1, while ∑6OPEs concentrations in groundwater ranged from 3.52-13.9 ng·L-1, two orders of magnitude lower than that in the tap water. Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP) was the dominant OPE in the tap water samples, with the median level accounting for 94.81% of the ∑6OPEs. Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) was the dominant OPE in groundwater, with the median level accounting for 47.55% of the ∑6OPEs. The composition of OPEs in the human mixed serum collected in 2011 and 2015 was strongly correlated with that in the tap water (r=0.990, P<0.01 and r=0.997, P<0.01, respectively). This indicates the significant contribution of OPEs in drinking water to OPEs in human serum. The daily intake (DI) of OPEs via drinking water was 0.26-7.48 ng·(kg·d)-1 and the non-cancer risk hazard quotient (HQ) of OPEs in drinking water ranged from 10-5.81-10-2.43, indicating a negligible non-cancer risk to the local residents exposed to OPEs through drinking water. The carcinogenic risks posed by TCEP in drinking water ranged from 10-8.82-10-6.79, which was lower than the theoretical threshold (Risk=10-6.00), while the carcinogenic risk of TCEP in tap water was higher than that in groundwater. |
