| 京津冀城市群空气污染的模式总结与治理效果评估 |
| 摘要点击 2176 全文点击 849 投稿时间：2017-01-02 修订日期：2017-05-03 |
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| 中文关键词 京津冀 空气污染 治理效果 治理模式 |
| 英文关键词 Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region air pollution control effect model summary |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探明全国空气污染最严重的京津冀城市群的空气污染防治路径与效果，系统整理了2013年以来国家和地区实施的空气污染防治措施，提出了分层跨区多向联动的大气污染防治模式，并基于对比评价2014~2015年13个城市112个监测点的SO2、NO2、PM10、PM2.5、O3、CO等大气主要污染物的监测数据，评价了大气污染的治理效果.结果表明，HCML模式包括由国家-城市群-城市构成的分层纵向联动构架，协同多个省市行政区的跨区横向联动管治方式以及涉及产业准入、能源结构、绿色交通、跨区援助、监测预警和会商问责等内容的协同多向联动机制.通过模式实施，2014~2015年城市群的空气质量显著改善，除O3外，空气污染物浓度显著降低，高污染范围由北向南显著缩小，其中PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2和CO的年均浓度分别下降17.84%、14.61%、37.55%、4.82%和16.18%；除NO2外，污染物全年空气达标天数明显增加.在今后的治理过程中，HCML应该转向治理主体多元化轨道；创新排污监管与问责模式，完善公众监督机制；推进京津冀协同立法，精准打击污染行为；针对当前大气污染的核心问题与需求创新治理路径；加强科普宣传，以提升公众环境伦理意识保障源头减排. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Controlling air pollution in the Jing-jin-ji urban agglomeration (JJJUA), the most seriously polluted area in China, is related to the integrated development strategy for the region. Based on the national and regional implementation of air pollution control measures in recent years, the hierarchical cross-regional multi-directional linkage (HCML) air pollution prevention and control model was applied in this study. The effect of air pollution control was evaluated by monitoring the pollutants, SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, O3, and CO, at 112 monitoring sites in 13 cities in 2014-2015. The results can be summarized as follows:① The HCML model is an interrelated framework at the horizontal and vertical level. Under the efforts provided by the central, urban agglomeration, and city governments, this multi-level governance model serves as an effective tool to resolve the issues related to air pollution beyond the borders of municipalities. Environmental regulations on certain industries, energy consumption structure, car ownership and usage, and air quality supervision and warning systems are well established under this governance model. ② The air quality of the JJJUA has improved significantly in the past two years. The concentrations of air pollutants significantly decreased, with the exception of O3, and high pollution ranges significantly reduced from north to south. The annual average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO decreased by 17.84%, 14.61%, 37.55%, 4.82%, and 16.18%, respectively. The number of days meeting the air quality standards increased for all pollutants except NO2. Based on the current situation and unsolved problems of air pollution, the JJJUA area needs certain measures including diversifying the governance subjects, joint legislation (beyond municipalities) on air pollution to regulate pollution discharge, enhancing public awareness on air pollution and its health impacts, carefully examining sources of air pollution in winter to reduce pollution, and to better understand the sources of ozone and adopt effective control measures. |
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