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不同施肥方式下紫色土N2O与NOx的排放特征
摘要点击 1368  全文点击 498  投稿时间:2016-12-29  修订日期:2017-03-13
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中文关键词  施肥方式  累积排放  排放系数  控制条件  合理施肥
英文关键词  fertilization regime  cumulative emission  emission coefficient  regulation conditions  optimal fertilization
作者单位E-mail
胡磊 中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所, 成都 610041
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
中国科学院山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室, 成都 610041 
1449574766@qq.com 
刘韵 中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所, 成都 610041
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
中国科学院山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室, 成都 610041 
 
朱波 中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所, 成都 610041
中国科学院山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室, 成都 610041 
bzhu@imde.ac.cn 
中文摘要
      利用紫色土长期施肥试验平台,采用静态箱-气相色谱法开展紫色土"冬小麦-夏玉米"轮作系统N2O和NOx排放的连续两周年(2014年11月~2016年9月)定位观测. 研究了氮肥总量相同条件下的常规氮磷钾化肥(NPK)、猪厩肥(OM)、秸秆还田配施氮磷钾化肥(RSDNPK)、猪厩肥配施氮磷钾化肥(OMNPK)和氮磷钾化肥配合硝化抑制剂(DCDNPK)等施肥方式对N2O和NOx排放的影响,短期不施肥处理(CK)作为排放系数计算的对照. 结果表明,所有施肥方式下紫色土N2O排放峰均出现在施肥初期和大降雨过程期;NOx排放过程与N2O类似,排放峰出现在施肥初期,但强降雨期未出现明显排放峰. NPK、OM、RSDNPK、OMNPK和DCDNPK处理的N2O年均累积排放量分别为:1.35、4.38、1.43、2.46、0.92 kg·hm-2,排放系数分别为:0.33%、1.41%、0.36%、0.73%、0.18%;相应处理的NOx年均累积排放量分别为:0.11、0.38、0.10、0.27、0.04 kg·hm-2,排放系数分别为:0.03%、0.13%、0.03%、0.09%、0.01%. 较常规化肥,增加有机物料如施用猪厩肥和猪厩肥配施氮磷钾肥分别显著增加226%和83%的N2O排放(P<0.01),同时NOx排放分别显著增加262%和157%(P<0.01);常规化肥配合硝化抑制剂(DCDNPK)使用减少32%的N2O排放和62%的NOx排放(P<0.01),秸秆还田配施氮磷钾肥对N2O排放略有增加(P>0.05),NOx排放略有减少(P>0.05). 统计分析进一步表明,土壤无机氮含量是N2O和NOx二者排放的主控因子,而土壤孔隙充水率与温度分别作为N2O与NOx各自排放的主控因子之一.
英文摘要
      N2O and NOx emissions from a winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in purple soil were measured on a long-term fertilization platform of purple soil for two consecutive cropping years (from November 2014 to September 2016) by using a closed-chamber and gas chromatography-based system. Chemical fertilizer (NPK), pig manure (OM), incorporation of crop residues plus synthetic NPK fertilizer (RSDNPK), pig manure plus synthetic NPK fertilizer (OMNPK), and nitrification inhibitor with NPK fertilizer (DCDNPK) under the same rate of total nitrogen were involved in monitoring N2O and NOx emissions. Short-term fertilizer-free treatment (CK) was used as a control for emission coefficient calculation. The results showed that N2O emission peaks appeared in the early stage of fertilization and in the period of heavy rainfall for all fertilization regimes. The NOx emission process was similar to that of N2O, in that emission peaks appeared at the early stage of fertilization, yet no obvious emission peaks were observed during heavy rainfall. The annual cumulative emissions of N2O from NPK, OM, RSDNPK, OMNPK, and DCDNPK were 1.35, 4.38, 1.43, 2.46, and 0.92 kg·hm-2, respectively, and the emission coefficients were 0.33%, 1.41%, 0.36% 0.73%, and 0.18%. The annual emissions of NOx from NPK, OM, RSDNPK, OMNPK, and DCDNPK were 0.11, 0.38, 0.10, 0.27, and 0.04 kg·hm-2, respectively, and the cumulative emission coefficients were 0.03%, 0.13%, 0.03%, 0.09%, and 0.01%. Amendment of organic material was the main stimulator for N2O and NOx emissions, as they significantly increased 226% and 262% (for OM) and 83% and 157% (for OMNPK), respectively (P<0.01), compared with conventional synthetic fertilizers. The application of synthetic fertilizers combined with nitrification inhibitor (DCDNPK) significantly reduced N2O emissions 32% and NOx emissions 62% (P<0.01), whereas straw returning with NPK application increased N2O emissions 6% and reduced NOx emissions 5% (P>0.05). Furthermore, statistical analyses showed that soil inorganic N content was the main regulating factor of N2O and NOx emissions together, whereas soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) and temperature were the respective main regulating factors of N2O and NOx emissions individually.

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