| 基于车载测试的重型柴油车尾气典型烷烃排放特征 |
| 摘要点击 1762 全文点击 486 投稿时间：2017-05-17 修订日期：2017-06-06 |
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| 中文关键词 重型柴油车 车载排放测试系统（PEMS） 正构烷烃 17α（H），21β（H）-C30藿烷 22R-17α（H），21β（H）-C31升藿烷 22S-17α（H），21β（H）-C31升藿烷 |
| 英文关键词 heavy-duty diesel vehicles portable emission measurement system(PEMS) n-alkanes 17α(H),21β(H)-C30 hopane 22R-17α(H),21β(H)-homohopane 22S-17α(H),21β(H)-homohopane |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 本文采用车载排放测试系统对11辆国Ⅰ~国Ⅳ标准重型柴油车进行实际道路测试，利用GC-MS对样品中典型烷烃进行定量分析，解析重型柴油车尾气典型烷烃排放特征及规律. 结果表明，排放标准对重型柴油车尾气中正构烷烃、藿烷类有机物排放有显著影响，总体呈现随排放标准的加严而降低的趋势，相比于国Ⅰ测试车辆，国Ⅳ测试车辆正构烷烃、17α（H），21β（H）-C30藿烷（C30-藿烷）、22S-和22R-17α（H），21β（H）-C31升藿烷（22S-C31升藿烷；22R-C31升藿烷）总排放因子分别降低了72.23%，64.95%，70.78%和74.68%. 气相正构烷烃呈双峰前锋型，以C17~C18为主峰碳，固相呈单峰前锋型，以C18~C21为主峰碳. 藿烷类有机物其22S-C31升藿烷/（22S-C31升藿烷+22R-C31升藿烷）的比值在0.46~0.56之间，平均值为0.50，符合石油中藿烷的分布特征. 正构烷烃总排放因子与17α（H），21β（H）-C30藿烷总排放因子呈现出一定的线性关系，其R2为0.9268. 此外，行驶工况对测试车辆正构烷烃及藿烷类有机物排放有较大影响，非高速工况下排放因子是高速工况的1.69~2.42倍. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The on-road emissions of typical alkanes from 11 heavy-duty diesel vehicles with different emission standards (from China Ⅰ to China Ⅳ) were tested using a portable emission measurement system(PEMS) and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Our aim was to analyze the emission characteristics of typical alkanes in heavy-duty diesel vehicle exhaust. The results show that the emission standard significantly affected the emission factors (EFs) of n-alkanes and hopanes. Vehicles with higher emission standards had lower EFs. Compared with China Ⅰ vehicles, the total EFs of n-alkanes, 17α(H),21β(H)-C30 hopane (C30-hopane), and 22S- and 22R-17α(H),21β(H)-homohopane (22S-C31 and 22R-C31 homohopane) from China Ⅳ vehicles were significantly reduced by 72.23%, 64.95%, 70.78%, and 74.68%, respectively. The peak carbon numbers of gaseous n-alkanes were 17 to 18, while they were 18 to 21 in particulate n-alkanes. The 22S-C31 homohopane/(22S-C31 homohopane + 22R-C31 homohopane) ratios ranged from 0.46 to 0.56, with an average of 0.50, which conform to the characteristics of hopanes in petroleum. The total EFs of n-alkanes had a good linear relationship with the total EFs of C30-hopane, and the R2 was 0.9268. Furthermore, the driving conditions had a great influence on the emissions of n-alkanes and hopanes. Specifically, the EFs of n-alkanes and hopanes on non-highway roads were 1.69 to 2.42 times greater than those on highways. |
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