| 运城市道路扬尘化学组成特征及来源分析 |
| 摘要点击 5027 全文点击 1588 投稿时间：2016-09-18 修订日期：2016-12-13 |
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| 中文关键词 道路扬尘 化学组成 源成分谱 化学质量平衡模型 盐湖尘 |
| 英文关键词 road dust chemical composition source profiles chemical mass balance model salt lake dust |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 采集运城市区道路扬尘及5类单一尘源类样品（盐湖尘、土壤风沙尘、机动车尾气尘、建筑水泥尘和煤烟尘），测定元素、离子和碳质组分含量并与其他城市比较，在此基础上通过富集因子法和潜在生态风险评价法揭示道路扬尘的化学组成特征，同时运用化学质量平衡模型解析道路扬尘的来源.结果表明，与其他城市相比，Na和SO42-含量高，Si含量相对较低是运城市道路扬尘化学组成的主要特征，Na、SO42-和Si质量分数分别为12.1970%、8.5971%和9.1123%；富集因子计算结果表明道路扬尘中Pb、Cu、Cr、V、As、Ni、Na、Zn等元素的来源明显受到人为活动影响；道路扬尘重金属潜在生态风险为强，工业生产、化石燃料燃烧、机动车排放等人为源是影响道路扬尘生态风险等级的重要因素；煤烟尘、建筑水泥尘和机动车尾气尘的化学成分谱与其他城市相似，土壤风沙尘中Na和SO42-含量相对较高，运城市特有的盐湖尘的主要化学组分是Na、SO42-，含量分别为30.3%、22.7%；化学质量平衡模型解析结果表明，盐湖尘对道路扬尘贡献最大（53%），其次是土壤风沙尘（21%），机动车尾气尘（8%）、建筑水泥尘（7%）和煤烟尘（5%）的贡献几乎相当. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Samples of particulate sources in Yuncheng including road dust, salt lake dust, coal dust, soil dust, construction,cement dust and vehicle exhaust dust were collected. Elements, ions and carbon species in particulate sources samples were analyzed. Enrichment factors and potential ecological risk assessment were used to analyze the characteristics of road dust, and chemical mass balance model was applied to identify the source of road dust. The results showed that, compared with other cities, the proportions of Na(12.1970%) and SO42-(8.5971%) were relatively high while that of Si(9.1123%) was low in road dust in Yuncheng, and enrichment factors showed that the sources of Pb, Cu, Cr, V, As, Ni, Na and Zn in road dust were obviously influenced by human activities; the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in road dust was high, which was affected by anthropogenic sources such as industrial production, the combustion of fossil fuels and vehicle exhaust; the profiles of coal dust, vehicle exhaust dust, construction and cement dust were similar to those of other cities, the Na and SO42- concentrations in soil dust were relatively high, and the proportions of Na and SO42- in salt lake dust were 30.3% and 22.7% respectively; salt lake dust was the largest contributor (53%) to road dust, followed by the soil dust (21%), vehicle exhaust dust (8%), construction and cement dust (7%), and coal dust (5%). |
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