| 三门湾近海有机污染对浮游细菌群落的影响 |
| 摘要点击 2562 全文点击 954 投稿时间：2016-10-02 修订日期：2016-11-19 |
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| 中文关键词 近海有机污染 浮游细菌群落 冗余分析 指示细菌科 驱动因子 |
| 英文关键词 coastal organic pollution bacterioplankton community compositions redundancy analysis bio-indicative bacterial family driving factor |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 近海污染问题日趋严重，因此亟需评价污染对海洋环境造成的潜在影响.微生物作为对环境变化的首要响应者，可能作为评价污染水平的指示生物.为此，本文采集三门湾和邻近鱼山保护区共21个站点的表层海水，利用Illumina技术测定细菌16S rRNA基因，对比研究有机污染对浮游细菌群落的影响.三门湾的有机污染（A）为4.57±2.41，显著（P<0.001）高于鱼山保护区0.43±0.74.三门湾和鱼山保护区的浮游细菌多样性和群落结构差异显著，其中三门湾水域的放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、α-变形菌纲（α-Proteobacteria）、β-变形菌纲（β-Proteobacteria）、SAR406的相对丰度显著高于鱼山保护区，而拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、蓝细菌门（Cyanobacteria）、浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）的相对丰度低于鱼山保护区.多元回归树分析（multivariate regression tree，MRT）发现浮游细菌多样性主要受pH、有机污染和叶绿素a（Chl-a）的影响，分别控制了27.7%、15.6%和6.7%的多样性变异.冗余分析（redundancy analysis）结果表明驱动细菌群落变异环境因子为有机污染、pH和盐度（salinity），共解释了14.8%的群落变异.同时，空间距离与细菌群落组成显著相关，解释了4.42%的变异，表明浮游细菌的空间分布不是随机的.此外，本研究筛选到与有机污染状况显著相关的23个细菌科，各科相对丰度的变化与其已知的生态功能特征相吻合，因此可以作为潜在的有机污染指示种群.本实验结果表明近海有机污染显著地改变了浮游细菌群落结构，特别是潜在病原菌丰度的增加；此外，筛选到敏感指示种群用于评估有机污染程度. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Coastal organic pollution has become a serious problem, thus it is imperative to assess the potential effects on the marine environment. The microbes are generally the first responders to environmental perturbation, which may serve as biological indicators for pollution levels. In this study, we collected surface seawater samples from Sanmen Bay and adjacent Yushan Reserve. Using an Illumina sequencing based analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene, we explored the effect of organic pollution on the bacterioplankton community compositions (BCCs). The results showed that the organic pollution (A) was 4.57±2.41 at Sanmen Bay, which was significantly higher (P<0.001) than that in Yushan Reserve (0.43±0.74). The bacterial diversity and community compositions differed significantly between the two locations. Specifically, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, SAR406 in Sanmen Bay was significantly higher than that in Yushan Reserve, while Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetes exhibited an opposite change pattern. A multivariate regression tree analysis showed that the bacterial diversity was primarily affected by water pH, organic pollution and chlorophyll a levels, which respectively explained 27.7%, 15.6% and 6.7% variance in bacterial diversity. A redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the bacterioplankton community was significantly controlled by pH, salinity and organic pollution, which cumulatively explained 14.8% of the variation in BCCs. In addition, the geographic distance was significantly (P <0.001) correlated with BCCs, accounting for 4.42% variance, which suggested that the spatial distribution of bacterioplankton community was non-random. Moreover, this study screened 23 sensitive bacterial families, whose relative abundances were significantly associated the organic pollution. For a given bacterial family, the change pattern of relative abundance was consistent with its known function, thus holding the potential for indicating organic pollution levels. To conclude, this study showed that the increasing coastal organic pollution had altered BCCs, and enriched the relative abundances of potential pathogens. Furthermore, the sensitive bio-indicators were screened for evaluating the increasing organic pollution level. |
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