| 南水北调中线北京段水质状况分析 |
| 摘要点击 2760 全文点击 982 投稿时间：2016-07-10 修订日期：2016-11-20 |
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| 中文关键词 南水北调中线 水质 大宁调压池 大宁调蓄水库 因子分析 |
| 英文关键词 middle route of South-to-North Water Diversion water quality Daning regulation and storage reservoir Daning surge tank factor analysis |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 徐华山 | 北京市南水北调大宁管理处, 北京 102442 | xuhuashan@mail.bnu.edu.cn | | 赵磊 | 北京市南水北调大宁管理处, 北京 102442 | | | 孙昊苏 | 北京市南水北调大宁管理处, 北京 102442 | | | 任玉芬 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085 | yfren@rcees.ac.cn | | 丁涛 | 北京市南水北调大宁管理处, 北京 102442 | | | 常帅 | 北京市南水北调大宁管理处, 北京 102442 | | | 王海东 | 北京市南水北调大宁管理处, 北京 102442 | | | 李淼 | 北京市南水北调大宁管理处, 北京 102442 | | | 果钊 | 北京市南水北调大宁管理处, 北京 102442 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 水质是水资源管理部门关心的核心问题，北京市南水北调水质更是关系到北京市生活用水安全和社会稳定.收集了南水北调中线北京段通水以来大宁调压池和大宁调蓄水库两个监测点位的总氮、硝氮等10项月水质监测数据.采用方差分析法从不同角度分析了北京南水北调来水水质差异，采用因子分析法识别了大宁调压池和大宁调蓄水库的水质风险因子.结果表明，南水北调中线北京段冀水全年硝氮、总氮、氟离子、氯离子、硫酸盐含量高于江水，江水水质优于冀水.LSD差异性检验结果显示：冀水溶解氧、硝氮和总氮汛期和非汛期差异性显著（P<0.05），江水pH汛期和非汛期差异性显著，水质较冀水更为稳定.无论在汛期还是在非汛期，江水和冀水在pH、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、总磷、氨氮这5个指标上差异性不明显（P<0.05），而硝氮、总氮、氟离子、硫酸盐及氯离子则存在显著性差异（P<0.05）.大宁调蓄水库硝氮、总氮、硫酸盐及氯离子含量2015年（冀水+江水）全年低于2012~2014年（冀水），江水进京后在水库对冀水起到了很好的稀释调节作用.2012~2014年及2015年水库汛期和非汛期水质差异性检验结果均显示，硝氮、总氮、氟离子、硫酸盐和氯离子存在显著性差异（P<0.05），非汛期水质2015年优于2012~2014年，其他pH、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、总磷、氨氮这5个指标差异性不明显（P<0.05）.调压池、大宁水库冀水汛期和非汛期差异性比较结果显示，高锰酸盐指数、总氮、氟离子、硫酸盐及氯离子差异性显著，其中高锰酸盐、氟离子、硫酸盐和氯离子水库高于调节池.因子分析的结果表明，大宁调压池和大宁调蓄水库潜在水质风险因子主要是氮元素，包括氨氮、硝氮和总氮，大宁调蓄水库水质潜在风险因子还包括总磷. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Water quality is the key problem that water management departments concern. Water quality of Beijing segment of South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project is closely related to water security and social stability in Beijing. Since the connection of Beijing part in Middle Route of South-to-North Diversion Project, water quality data of Daning regulation and storage reservoir and Daning surge tank was collected, and water quality indexes including water temperature, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, chloride ion, sulfate, dissolved oxygen, permanganate index, pH, ammonia nitrogen, fluorine ion and total phosphorus, were monitored monthly. With variance analysis, water quality difference among different water sources of the South-to-North Water Diversion of Middle Route was analyzed. With factor analysis method, the water quality risk factors of Daning regulation and storage reservoir and Daning surge tank were identified. The results were as following, water from Hebei province had higher contents of nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, fluorine ion, chloride ion and sulfate than those of water from Danjiangkou reservoir, but the water quality was not as good as that from Danjiangkou reservoir. LSD difference test results showed that the dissolved oxygen, nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen of the water from Hebei province had significant differences (P<0.05) between flood season and non-flood season, there was significant difference (P<0.05) in pH of water from Danjiangkou reservoir between flood season and non-flood season, and the water quality of Danjiangkou reservoir was more stable than water from Heibei province. No matter in flood season or non-flood season, there were no significant differences (P<0.05) in pH, dissolved oxygen, permanganate index, total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen between the water from Danjiangkou reservoir and Heibei province, but there were significant differences (P<0.05) in nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, fluorine ion and sulfate ion and chloride ion. Contents of Nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, sulfate and chloride ion in 2015 (the mixture of water from Hebei province and Danjiangkou reservoir) in Daning regulation and storage reservoir were lower than those in 2012-2014 (water from Hebei province), and the water from Danjiangkou reservoir played a key role in dilution and adjustment of the water from Hebei province in Daning regulation and storage reservoir. The water quality differences test results between 2012-2014 and 2015 showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in the nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, fluorine ion, sulfate and chloride ion both in flood season and non-flood season, and the water quality of 2015 was better than that of 2012~2014 in non-flood season, but the differences of pH, dissolved oxygen, permanganate index, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen were not obvious (P<0.05). The difference test results between Daning regulation and storage reservoir and Daning surge tank showed that Permanganate index, total nitrogen, fluorine ion, sulfate and chloride ion had significant differences (P<0.05) both in flood season and non-flood season, and the contents of permanganate index, fluorine ion, sulfate and chloride ions in Daning regulation and storage reservoir were higher than those in Daning surge tank. The factor analysis results indicated that water quality potential risk factors both in Daning regulation and storage reservoir and Daning surge tank were mainly nitrogen, including ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen, and potential risk factors also included total phosphorus in Daning regulation and storage reservoir. |
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