| 电镀厂周边地表水中重金属分布特征及健康风险评价 |
| 摘要点击 3303 全文点击 1201 投稿时间：2016-07-25 修订日期：2016-10-18 |
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| 中文关键词 电镀厂 地表水 重金属 多元统计分析 健康风险评价 |
| 英文关键词 electroplating factories surface water heavy metals multivariate statistical analysis health risk assessment |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 选取东莞市麻涌镇、沙田镇、虎门镇、长安镇和大岭山镇为研究区域，对区域电镀厂周边30个地表水样中8种重金属（包括Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn和类重金属As、Hg）进行测定，运用多元统计分析法和人体健康风险评价模型研究地表水中重金属分布特征和健康风险.结果表明，地表水中Cr、Pb最大浓度和Hg平均浓度超过《地表水环境质量》（GB 3838-2002）Ⅲ类水质标准，Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Zn和Pb含量均呈现出雨季高于旱季.多元统计分析表明，Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn主要来源于周边电镀企业污染，Pb和Hg受交通污染源影响较大，As与自然源有密切关系.地表水体健康风险评价结果表明，重金属污染对儿童威胁大，经饮水途径暴露的健康风险比皮肤接触途径大2~3个数量级.此外，Cr和As致癌风险高于最大可接受风险水平（5.0×10-5 a-1）；非致癌性重金属健康风险大小呈现出Pb > Ni > Cu > Hg > Zn，风险水平在10-10~10-7 a-1，低于最大可接受风险水平2~5个数量级. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To investigate the distribution characteristics and the human health risks of heavy metals in surface water samples, 30 samples were collected around electroplating factories of Machong, Shatian, Humen, Changan and Dalingshan towns in Dongguan city, 8 heavy metals(As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) contents were measured and analyzed by using multivariate statistical analysis method and human health risk assessment model. The results showed that the maximum concentrations of Cr, Pb and the average concentration of Hg exceeded Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838-2002, Grade Ⅲ), the concentrations of Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Zn and Pb during rainy season were all higher than that those during dry season. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn mainly originated from the contaminated electroplating factories, Pb and Hg were mainly affected by the traffic sources, and As was significantly correlated with natural sources. Health risk assessment result of surface water indicated that heavy metal pollution would lead to high health risks especially for children, and the health risks of heavy metals through drinking pathway were 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than the values caused by dermal contact pathway. Moreover, carcinogenic risks caused by Cr and As were higher than the maximum allowance levels (5×10-5 a-1), and non-carcinogenic risks of the heavy metals (10-10-10-7 a-1) decreased in the order of Pb > Ni > Cu > Hg > Zn, which were 4-5 orders of magnitude lower than the maximum allowance levels. |
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