| 白洋淀多环芳烃与有机氯农药季节性污染特征及来源分析 |
| 摘要点击 3237 全文点击 944 投稿时间：2016-08-22 修订日期：2016-10-13 |
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| 中文关键词 白洋淀 多环芳烃 有机氯农药 污染特征 来源分析 |
| 英文关键词 Baiyangdian Lake polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons organochlorine pesticides pollution characteristics source apportionment |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为研究白洋淀表层水体中多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons，PAHs）和有机氯农药（organochlorine pesticides，OCPs）的季节性污染特征及来源，分析了白洋淀12个监测断面春、夏两季表层水体中17种PAHs和15种OCPs的浓度.结果表明，白洋淀春季表层水体中PAHs总浓度范围是35.38~88.06 ng·L-1，平均值为46.57 ng·L-1，夏季表层水体中PAHs总浓度范围是25.64~301.41 ng·L-1，平均值为76.23 ng·L-1；白洋淀春季表层水体中OCPs总浓度范围是0.69~4.50 ng·L-1，平均值为1.77 ng·L-1；夏季表层水体中OCPs总浓度范围是0.11~3.20 ng·L-1，平均值为0.90 ng·L-1.白洋淀春、夏两季表层水体中PAHs季节性污染特征表现为前塘、关城和安新桥等3个断面夏季PAHs总浓度要远高于春季，而其他9个断面则均表现为春季略高于夏季；OCPs季节性污染特征表现为关城断面夏季OCPs总浓度高于春季，而其他11个监测断面均表现为春季高于夏季.从白洋淀春、夏两季表层水体PAHs和OCPs组成特征来看，春季各监测断面PAHs主要以三环芳烃为主，占PAHs总浓度的比例为45.92%~61.36%（平均为52.60%）；夏季安新桥、前塘和关城等3个监测断面主要以二环芳烃萘（Naphthalene，Nap）为主，其浓度分别占PAHs总浓度的比例高达84.91%、91.04%和78.10%，其他9个监测断面主要以三环芳烃为主，占PAHs总浓度的比例为37.14%~53.90%（平均为48.94%）；白洋淀表层水体中只有HCHs和DDTs有不同程度检出，且呈现出以HCHs为主的污染特征，其中，春季各监测断面表层水体中HCHs均以β-HCH为主，占HCHs总浓度的29.94%~100%，平均比例为59.87%，而夏季大张庄、郭里口等5个监测断面表层水体中HCHs以β-HCH为主，占HCHs总浓度的57.55%~80.23%，平均比例为61.98%，其他断面以α-HCHs和δ-HCH为主.分析白洋淀春、夏两季表层水体中PAHs和OCPs的来源，PAHs同分异构体比值显示其PAHs主要来源于燃烧源，部分监测断面还存在石油源；而OCPs同分异构体比值显示其OCPs主要来源于环境残留和大气的长距离传输.白洋淀表层水体中PAHs和OCPs浓度不超过不同国家和组织制定的相关水质标准，但安新桥和圈头两个监测断面表层水体中α-HCH、p，p'-DDD浓度超过了美国环保署制定的人体健康水质基准，表明α-HCH和p，p'-DDD可能会对白洋淀淀区居民产生潜在有害影响. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Seasonal variations of 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and 15 persistent organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) were analyzed during spring and summer in surface water from 12 sampling sites of Baiyangdian lake to elucidate their seasonal pollution characteristics and sources. The results showed that total concentrations of PAHs in surface water of Baiyangdian lake ranged from 35.38 to 88.06 ng·L-1(46.57 ng·L-1 in average) in spring and 25.64 to 301.41 ng·L-1(76.23 ng·L-1 in average) in summer, respectively, and total concentrations of OCPs ranged from 0.69 to 4.50 ng·L-1(1.77 ng·L-1 in average) in spring and 0.11 to 3.20 ng·L-1(0.90 ng·L-1 in average) in summer, respectively. Seasonal pollution characteristics of PAHs in surface water during two different seasons showed that the total concentration of PAHs was much higher in summer than in spring at three sampling sites of Baiyangdian lake including Qiantang, Guancheng and Anxin bridge, and the level of PAHs in spring was much higher than that in summer at the other nine sites. While seasonal pollution characteristics of OCPs showed that the total concentration of OCPs was much higher in summer than in spring in samples of Guancheng sites, and the level of OCPs in spring was slightly higher than that in summer in the rest of samples. From the perspective of spatial and temporal variations in the composition patterns of PAHs and OCPs in surface water of Baiyangdian lake, PAHs were predominated by 3-ring PAHs with 45.92% and 61.36%(52.60% in average) of total PAHs in spring, while in summer Nap was the chief component of 2-ring PAHs in three sampling sites including Qiantang, Guancheng and Anxin bridge with 84.91%, 91.04% and 78.10% of the total, respectively, and 3-ring PAHs were primary pollutants in the other nine sites with 37.14% to 53.90%(48.94% in average) of the total. Residues of HCHs and DDTs were detected in different degrees and β-HCH was the main pollutant at all sampling sites with 29.94% and 100%(59.87% in average) of total HCHs in spring, while β-HCH was the predominant compounds at five sampling sites with 57.55% and 80.23%(61.98% in average) in summer and α-HCHs and δ-HCH were abundant at other sampling sites. Source analysis based on isomer ratios indicated that the main source of PAHs in Baiyangdian lake originated from combustion sources, and additional sources for several sampling sites could be petroleum processes. Ratios of HCH isomers and DDT congeners confirmed that environmental historical residues and long range atmospheric transport were the major sources of OCPs contamination in the study area. Compared with the water quality standard of China and other countries or organizations, concentrations of PAHs and OCPs in surface water of Baiyangdian lake did not exceed the target values of the standard. However, the concentrations of α-HCH and p,p'-DDD in Anxin bridge and Quantou sites exceeded the limit of human health ambient water quality criteria developed by EPA, which reflected that α-HCH and p,p'-DDD would have a potential hazards risk to the residents from Baiyangdian district. |
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