| 中美空气质量指数(AQI)对比研究及启示 |
| 摘要点击 5586 全文点击 3405 投稿时间：2014-09-24 修订日期：2014-11-21 |
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| 中文关键词 空气质量指数 分级浓度限值 环境空气质量标准 PM2.5 PM10 |
| 英文关键词 air quality index (AQI) breakpoints ambient air quality standards PM2.5 PM10 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 对中美两国空气质量指数(AQI),特别是颗粒物分指数进行了对比研究,并利用2013年4月至12月期间,中国环境监测总站发布的环境空气质量监测数据,开展了典型大气污染过程的分析. 结果表明, 中国环境空气质量标准的研究、制订和发布起步虽晚但发展很快,所包含的污染物指标更全面,能够客观地反映出中国空气污染的特征,也更贴近居民对空气质量的切身感受; 中美计算颗粒物小时AQI采用的方法不同,对比发现中国采用颗粒物24 h平均浓度限值代替1 h平均浓度限值的计算方法会将污染等级倾向于严重化; 中国在计算颗粒物AQI时设定的颗粒物浓度限值存在一定的问题,导致AQI<200时,PM2.5/PM10的比值出现与实际不符的现象; 对奥体中心监测点数据分析显示,AQI<50时,PM2.5/PM10比值小于0.5,且PM2.5/PM10的比值随着污染指数等级的增大而增大. 建议尽早修订和调整颗粒物实时报的浓度限值和计算方法. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Research on the differences of air quality index (AQI) especially AQI of particulate matters between China and America and analysis of hourly monitored readings from April to December in 2013 released by Environmental Monitoring Station of China indicated that: ① Although China lagged behind America in formulating and publishing of AQI standards, the AQI standards published in 2012 in China covered more pollutant indexes than before and could objectively reflect the characteristics of air pollution in China, and were more close to the residens's feeling about air quality. ②The methods adopted for calculation of particulate matter hourly AQI were different in China and America, and the comparison revealed that the calculation method adopted by China using the 24 h average concentration breakpoint of particulate matters to replace the 1 h average concentration breakpoint would enhance the severity of the pollution level. ③ The breakpoint of PM2.5-24 h in China was less rigorous than that in America when AQI<200, which led to the inconsistence between the ratio of PM2.5/PM10 and the real situation in China. ④Analysis on the monitoring readings from station of Beijing Olympic Sports Center showed that when AQI<50, the ratio of PM2.5/PM10 was less than 0.5 and increased with the increasing of AQI. Correction and adjustment of particulate matter real-time calculation method and breakpoints of PM2.5 and PM10 were suggested in China. |
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