| 重金属铬（Ⅵ）的生态毒性及其土壤环境基准 |
| 摘要点击 3810 全文点击 2477 投稿时间：2013-12-24 修订日期：2014-03-25 |
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| 中文关键词 土壤环境基准 铬（Ⅵ） 土壤植物 土壤动物 物种敏感性分布 |
| 英文关键词 soil environmental criteria chromium (Ⅵ) terrestrial plant terrestrial animal species sensitivity distribution |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 王晓南 | 中国环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护化学品生态效应与风险评估重点实验室, 北京 100012
北京师范大学水科学研究院, 北京 100875 | nan625@sina.com | | 刘征涛 | 中国环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护化学品生态效应与风险评估重点实验室, 北京 100012 | liuzt@craes.org.cn | | 王婉华 | 中国环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护化学品生态效应与风险评估重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | | 张聪 | 中海油环保服务有限公司, 天津 300452 | | | 陈丽红 | 中国环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护化学品生态效应与风险评估重点实验室, 北京 100012 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 目前我国正在系统的开展水质基准研究，但是关于土壤环境基准的研究相对比较薄弱. 以保定市农田潮土为研究对象，进行重金属Cr（Ⅵ）对8种土壤植物（小麦、 莴苣、 黄瓜、 玉米、 白菜、 大豆、 韭菜、 番茄）的发芽及根伸长和对1种土壤动物（蜗牛）的生长抑制的慢性生态毒理学试验，结合搜集的本土生物毒性数据，基于log-normal物种敏感性分布法（species sensitivity distribution，SSD），计算Cr（Ⅵ）的HC5 （对5%物种产生危害的浓度）值和土壤环境基准值. 结果表明，Cr（Ⅵ）对小麦、 莴苣、 白菜、 玉米、 黄瓜、 大豆、 韭菜、 番茄和土壤无脊椎动物蜗牛的生长影响的无观察效应浓度（NOEC）值分别为19.0、 21.0、 28.0、 32.0、 28.0、 32.0、 32.0、 12.0 和 20.0 mg·kg-1. 通过对相同试验条件下生物毒性数据的比较可知，番茄对Cr（Ⅵ）污染的敏感性最高，小麦和莴苣对Cr（Ⅵ）污染的敏感性相似，而玉米、 黄瓜、 白菜、 大豆和韭菜对Cr（Ⅵ）污染的敏感性相似. 基于log-normal SSD的保定市潮土中Cr（Ⅵ）的HC5值为7.7 （4.1-1，Cr（Ⅵ）的土壤环境基准值范围为1.5~7.7 mg·kg-1. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Nowadays, systematic studies about water quality criteria are being carried out in China, but studies on soil environmental criteria are comparatively insufficient. In this study, germination and root growth of 8 terrestrial plants (Triticum aestivum, Lactuca sativa, Cucumis sativus, Zea mays, Brassica pekinensis, Glycine max, Allium tuberosum and Solanum lycopersicum) and growth inhibition of 1 terrestrial animal (Achatina fulica) were used to determine the chronic ecotoxicological effects of chromium (Ⅵ) using the agricultural moisture soil of Baoding. In addition, with the native toxicity data selected, the HC5 (hazardous concentration for 5% of species) and the ecological protected soil environmental criteria of chromium(Ⅵ) in Baoding moisture soil were calculated using the log-normal species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method. Results showed that the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) values for the growth of the terrestrial plants T. aestivum, L. sativa, C. sativus, Z. mays, B. pekinensis, G. max, A. tuberosum, S. lycopersicum, and the terrestrial invertebrate snail A. fulica were 19.0, 21.0, 28.0, 32.0, 28.0, 32.0, 32.0, 12.0 and 20.0 mg·kg-1, respectively. The comparison of species toxicity data that were tested in the same conditions showed that the terrestrial plant S. lycopersicum was the most sensitive species to chromium (Ⅵ), T. aestivum and L. sativa had the same sensitivity to chromium (Ⅵ) exposure, whereas, plants C. sativus, Z. mays, B. pekinensis, G. max and A. tuberosum had the same sensitivity to chromium (Ⅵ) exposure. Finally, the HC5 value of chromium (Ⅵ) in the moisture soil of Baoding was calculated to be 7.7 (4.1-1 using the log-normal SSD method, and the ecological protected soil environmental criteria of chromium (Ⅵ) was 1.5-7.7 mg·kg-1. With the investigation of this work, we expect that it could provide useful information for the study of soil environmental criteria in China. |
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